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Role of Dendritic Cells in Natural Immune Control of HIV-1 Infection
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that link innate and adaptive immunity and are critical for the induction of protective immune responses against pathogens. Proportions of these cells are markedly decreased in the blood of untreated HIV-1-infected individuals, suggesti...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6563724/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31244850 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01306 |
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author | Martin-Gayo, Enrique Yu, Xu G. |
author_facet | Martin-Gayo, Enrique Yu, Xu G. |
author_sort | Martin-Gayo, Enrique |
collection | PubMed |
description | Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that link innate and adaptive immunity and are critical for the induction of protective immune responses against pathogens. Proportions of these cells are markedly decreased in the blood of untreated HIV-1-infected individuals, suggesting they might be intrinsically involved in HIV-1 pathogenesis. However, despite several decades of active research, the precise role and contribution of these cells to protective or detrimental host responses against HIV-1 are still remarkably unclear. Recent studies have shown that DCs possess a fine-tuned machinery to recognize HIV-1 replication products through a variety of innate pathogen sensing mechanisms, which may be instrumental for generating both cellular and humoral protective immune responses in persons who naturally control HIV-1 replication. Yet, dysregulated and abnormal activation of DCs might also contribute to sustained inflammation and immune activation accelerating disease progression during chronic progressive infection. Emerging data also suggest that DCs can influence the induction of potent broadly-neutralizing antibodies, and may, for this reason, have to be considered as important components of future HIV-1 vaccination strategies. Apart from their involvement in antiviral host immunity, at least a subgroup of DCs seem intrinsically susceptible to HIV-1 infection and may serve as a viral target cell population. Indeed recent studies suggest that specific DC subpopulations residing in the genital mucosa are preferentially infected by HIV-1 and play an active role in sexual transmission; therefore, DCs may contribute to viral dissemination and possible persistence of the viral reservoirs through either direct or indirect mechanisms. Here, we analyze the distinct and partially opposing roles of DCs during HIV-1 disease pathogenesis, with a focus on implications of DC biology natural immune control and HIV cure research efforts. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6563724 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65637242019-06-26 Role of Dendritic Cells in Natural Immune Control of HIV-1 Infection Martin-Gayo, Enrique Yu, Xu G. Front Immunol Immunology Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that link innate and adaptive immunity and are critical for the induction of protective immune responses against pathogens. Proportions of these cells are markedly decreased in the blood of untreated HIV-1-infected individuals, suggesting they might be intrinsically involved in HIV-1 pathogenesis. However, despite several decades of active research, the precise role and contribution of these cells to protective or detrimental host responses against HIV-1 are still remarkably unclear. Recent studies have shown that DCs possess a fine-tuned machinery to recognize HIV-1 replication products through a variety of innate pathogen sensing mechanisms, which may be instrumental for generating both cellular and humoral protective immune responses in persons who naturally control HIV-1 replication. Yet, dysregulated and abnormal activation of DCs might also contribute to sustained inflammation and immune activation accelerating disease progression during chronic progressive infection. Emerging data also suggest that DCs can influence the induction of potent broadly-neutralizing antibodies, and may, for this reason, have to be considered as important components of future HIV-1 vaccination strategies. Apart from their involvement in antiviral host immunity, at least a subgroup of DCs seem intrinsically susceptible to HIV-1 infection and may serve as a viral target cell population. Indeed recent studies suggest that specific DC subpopulations residing in the genital mucosa are preferentially infected by HIV-1 and play an active role in sexual transmission; therefore, DCs may contribute to viral dissemination and possible persistence of the viral reservoirs through either direct or indirect mechanisms. Here, we analyze the distinct and partially opposing roles of DCs during HIV-1 disease pathogenesis, with a focus on implications of DC biology natural immune control and HIV cure research efforts. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-06-06 /pmc/articles/PMC6563724/ /pubmed/31244850 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01306 Text en Copyright © 2019 Martin-Gayo and Yu. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Martin-Gayo, Enrique Yu, Xu G. Role of Dendritic Cells in Natural Immune Control of HIV-1 Infection |
title | Role of Dendritic Cells in Natural Immune Control of HIV-1 Infection |
title_full | Role of Dendritic Cells in Natural Immune Control of HIV-1 Infection |
title_fullStr | Role of Dendritic Cells in Natural Immune Control of HIV-1 Infection |
title_full_unstemmed | Role of Dendritic Cells in Natural Immune Control of HIV-1 Infection |
title_short | Role of Dendritic Cells in Natural Immune Control of HIV-1 Infection |
title_sort | role of dendritic cells in natural immune control of hiv-1 infection |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6563724/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31244850 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01306 |
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