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Individual Sea Urchin Coelomocytes Undergo Somatic Immune Gene Diversification
The adaptive immune response in jawed vertebrates is marked by the ability to diversify somatically specific immune receptor genes. Somatic recombination and hypermutation of gene segments are used to generate extensive repertoires of T and B cell receptors. In contrast, jawless vertebrates utilize...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6563789/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31244844 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01298 |
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author | Oren, Matan Rosental, Benyamin Hawley, Teresa S. Kim, Gi-Young Agronin, Jacob Reynolds, Caroline R. Grayfer, Leon Smith, L. Courtney |
author_facet | Oren, Matan Rosental, Benyamin Hawley, Teresa S. Kim, Gi-Young Agronin, Jacob Reynolds, Caroline R. Grayfer, Leon Smith, L. Courtney |
author_sort | Oren, Matan |
collection | PubMed |
description | The adaptive immune response in jawed vertebrates is marked by the ability to diversify somatically specific immune receptor genes. Somatic recombination and hypermutation of gene segments are used to generate extensive repertoires of T and B cell receptors. In contrast, jawless vertebrates utilize a distinct diversification system based on copy choice to assemble their variable lymphocyte receptors. To date, very little evidence for somatic immune gene diversification has been reported in invertebrate species. Here we show that the SpTransformer (SpTrf ; formerly Sp185/333) immune effector gene family members from individual coelomocytes from purple sea urchins undergo somatic diversification by means of gene deletions, duplications, and acquisitions of single nucleotide polymorphisms. While sperm cells from an individual sea urchin have identical SpTrf gene repertoires, single cells from two distinct coelomocyte subpopulations from the same sea urchin exhibit significant variation in the SpTrf gene repertoires. Moreover, the highly diverse gene sequences derived from single coelomocytes are all in-frame, suggesting that an unknown mechanism(s) driving these somatic changes involve stringent selection or correction processes for expression of productive SpTrf transcripts. Together, our findings infer somatic immune gene diversification strategy in an invertebrate. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6563789 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65637892019-06-26 Individual Sea Urchin Coelomocytes Undergo Somatic Immune Gene Diversification Oren, Matan Rosental, Benyamin Hawley, Teresa S. Kim, Gi-Young Agronin, Jacob Reynolds, Caroline R. Grayfer, Leon Smith, L. Courtney Front Immunol Immunology The adaptive immune response in jawed vertebrates is marked by the ability to diversify somatically specific immune receptor genes. Somatic recombination and hypermutation of gene segments are used to generate extensive repertoires of T and B cell receptors. In contrast, jawless vertebrates utilize a distinct diversification system based on copy choice to assemble their variable lymphocyte receptors. To date, very little evidence for somatic immune gene diversification has been reported in invertebrate species. Here we show that the SpTransformer (SpTrf ; formerly Sp185/333) immune effector gene family members from individual coelomocytes from purple sea urchins undergo somatic diversification by means of gene deletions, duplications, and acquisitions of single nucleotide polymorphisms. While sperm cells from an individual sea urchin have identical SpTrf gene repertoires, single cells from two distinct coelomocyte subpopulations from the same sea urchin exhibit significant variation in the SpTrf gene repertoires. Moreover, the highly diverse gene sequences derived from single coelomocytes are all in-frame, suggesting that an unknown mechanism(s) driving these somatic changes involve stringent selection or correction processes for expression of productive SpTrf transcripts. Together, our findings infer somatic immune gene diversification strategy in an invertebrate. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-06-06 /pmc/articles/PMC6563789/ /pubmed/31244844 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01298 Text en Copyright © 2019 Oren, Rosental, Hawley, Kim, Agronin, Reynolds, Grayfer and Smith. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Oren, Matan Rosental, Benyamin Hawley, Teresa S. Kim, Gi-Young Agronin, Jacob Reynolds, Caroline R. Grayfer, Leon Smith, L. Courtney Individual Sea Urchin Coelomocytes Undergo Somatic Immune Gene Diversification |
title | Individual Sea Urchin Coelomocytes Undergo Somatic Immune Gene Diversification |
title_full | Individual Sea Urchin Coelomocytes Undergo Somatic Immune Gene Diversification |
title_fullStr | Individual Sea Urchin Coelomocytes Undergo Somatic Immune Gene Diversification |
title_full_unstemmed | Individual Sea Urchin Coelomocytes Undergo Somatic Immune Gene Diversification |
title_short | Individual Sea Urchin Coelomocytes Undergo Somatic Immune Gene Diversification |
title_sort | individual sea urchin coelomocytes undergo somatic immune gene diversification |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6563789/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31244844 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01298 |
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