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Energy-Efficient Spatial Query-Centric Geographic Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

In data-centric wireless sensor networks (WSNs), sensing data have a high time–space correlation. Most queries are spatial and used to obtain data in a defined region. Geographic routing (GR) protocols are the optimal choice for routing spatial queries. However, several drawbacks still exist in GRs,...

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Autores principales: Wang, Xing, Liu, Xuejun, Wang, Meizhen, Nie, Yunfeng, Bian, Yuxia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6566142/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31121977
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19102363
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author Wang, Xing
Liu, Xuejun
Wang, Meizhen
Nie, Yunfeng
Bian, Yuxia
author_facet Wang, Xing
Liu, Xuejun
Wang, Meizhen
Nie, Yunfeng
Bian, Yuxia
author_sort Wang, Xing
collection PubMed
description In data-centric wireless sensor networks (WSNs), sensing data have a high time–space correlation. Most queries are spatial and used to obtain data in a defined region. Geographic routing (GR) protocols are the optimal choice for routing spatial queries. However, several drawbacks still exist in GRs, and these the include premature death of nodes and communication latency, which result in reduced network life and query efficiency. A new clustering GR protocol called quadtree grid (QTGrid) was proposed in this study to save energy and improve spatial query efficiency. First, the monitoring area was logically divided into clusters by a quadtree structure, and each grid’s location was encoded to reduce the memory overhead. Second, cluster head (CH) nodes were selected based on several metrics, such as distance from the candidate node to the grid center and adjacent CHs and residual energy. Third, the next-hop routing node was selected depending on the residual energy of the candidate node and its distance to the sink node. Lastly, a lossless data aggregation algorithm and a flexible spatial query algorithm were adopted to reduce the transmission of redundant data and meet the application requirements, respectively. Simulation results showed that compared with three related protocols, QTGrid has lower energy consumption and higher spatial query efficiency and is more suitable for large-scale WSN spatial query application scenarios.
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spelling pubmed-65661422019-06-17 Energy-Efficient Spatial Query-Centric Geographic Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks Wang, Xing Liu, Xuejun Wang, Meizhen Nie, Yunfeng Bian, Yuxia Sensors (Basel) Article In data-centric wireless sensor networks (WSNs), sensing data have a high time–space correlation. Most queries are spatial and used to obtain data in a defined region. Geographic routing (GR) protocols are the optimal choice for routing spatial queries. However, several drawbacks still exist in GRs, and these the include premature death of nodes and communication latency, which result in reduced network life and query efficiency. A new clustering GR protocol called quadtree grid (QTGrid) was proposed in this study to save energy and improve spatial query efficiency. First, the monitoring area was logically divided into clusters by a quadtree structure, and each grid’s location was encoded to reduce the memory overhead. Second, cluster head (CH) nodes were selected based on several metrics, such as distance from the candidate node to the grid center and adjacent CHs and residual energy. Third, the next-hop routing node was selected depending on the residual energy of the candidate node and its distance to the sink node. Lastly, a lossless data aggregation algorithm and a flexible spatial query algorithm were adopted to reduce the transmission of redundant data and meet the application requirements, respectively. Simulation results showed that compared with three related protocols, QTGrid has lower energy consumption and higher spatial query efficiency and is more suitable for large-scale WSN spatial query application scenarios. MDPI 2019-05-22 /pmc/articles/PMC6566142/ /pubmed/31121977 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19102363 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Wang, Xing
Liu, Xuejun
Wang, Meizhen
Nie, Yunfeng
Bian, Yuxia
Energy-Efficient Spatial Query-Centric Geographic Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks
title Energy-Efficient Spatial Query-Centric Geographic Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks
title_full Energy-Efficient Spatial Query-Centric Geographic Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks
title_fullStr Energy-Efficient Spatial Query-Centric Geographic Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks
title_full_unstemmed Energy-Efficient Spatial Query-Centric Geographic Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks
title_short Energy-Efficient Spatial Query-Centric Geographic Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks
title_sort energy-efficient spatial query-centric geographic routing protocol in wireless sensor networks
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6566142/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31121977
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19102363
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