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Vascular Dysfunction Induced by Mercury Exposure

Methylmercury (MeHg) causes severe damage to the central nervous system, and there is increasing evidence of the association between MeHg exposure and vascular dysfunction, hemorrhage, and edema in the brain, but not in other organs of patients with acute MeHg intoxication. These observations sugges...

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Autores principales: Takahashi, Tetsuya, Shimohata, Takayoshi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6566353/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31100949
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20102435
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author Takahashi, Tetsuya
Shimohata, Takayoshi
author_facet Takahashi, Tetsuya
Shimohata, Takayoshi
author_sort Takahashi, Tetsuya
collection PubMed
description Methylmercury (MeHg) causes severe damage to the central nervous system, and there is increasing evidence of the association between MeHg exposure and vascular dysfunction, hemorrhage, and edema in the brain, but not in other organs of patients with acute MeHg intoxication. These observations suggest that MeHg possibly causes blood–brain barrier (BBB) damage. MeHg penetrates the BBB into the brain parenchyma via active transport systems, mainly the l-type amino acid transporter 1, on endothelial cell membranes. Recently, exposure to mercury has significantly increased. Numerous reports suggest that long-term low-level MeHg exposure can impair endothelial function and increase the risks of cardiovascular disease. The most widely reported mechanism of MeHg toxicity is oxidative stress and related pathways, such as neuroinflammation. BBB dysfunction has been suggested by both in vitro and in vivo models of MeHg intoxication. Therapy targeted at both maintaining the BBB and suppressing oxidative stress may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for MeHg intoxication. This paper reviews studies on the relationship between MeHg exposure and vascular dysfunction, with a special emphasis on the BBB.
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spelling pubmed-65663532019-06-17 Vascular Dysfunction Induced by Mercury Exposure Takahashi, Tetsuya Shimohata, Takayoshi Int J Mol Sci Review Methylmercury (MeHg) causes severe damage to the central nervous system, and there is increasing evidence of the association between MeHg exposure and vascular dysfunction, hemorrhage, and edema in the brain, but not in other organs of patients with acute MeHg intoxication. These observations suggest that MeHg possibly causes blood–brain barrier (BBB) damage. MeHg penetrates the BBB into the brain parenchyma via active transport systems, mainly the l-type amino acid transporter 1, on endothelial cell membranes. Recently, exposure to mercury has significantly increased. Numerous reports suggest that long-term low-level MeHg exposure can impair endothelial function and increase the risks of cardiovascular disease. The most widely reported mechanism of MeHg toxicity is oxidative stress and related pathways, such as neuroinflammation. BBB dysfunction has been suggested by both in vitro and in vivo models of MeHg intoxication. Therapy targeted at both maintaining the BBB and suppressing oxidative stress may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for MeHg intoxication. This paper reviews studies on the relationship between MeHg exposure and vascular dysfunction, with a special emphasis on the BBB. MDPI 2019-05-16 /pmc/articles/PMC6566353/ /pubmed/31100949 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20102435 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Takahashi, Tetsuya
Shimohata, Takayoshi
Vascular Dysfunction Induced by Mercury Exposure
title Vascular Dysfunction Induced by Mercury Exposure
title_full Vascular Dysfunction Induced by Mercury Exposure
title_fullStr Vascular Dysfunction Induced by Mercury Exposure
title_full_unstemmed Vascular Dysfunction Induced by Mercury Exposure
title_short Vascular Dysfunction Induced by Mercury Exposure
title_sort vascular dysfunction induced by mercury exposure
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6566353/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31100949
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20102435
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