Effect of Early Age-Curing Methods on Drying Shrinkage of Alkali-Activated Slag Concrete

Drying shrinkage of alkali-activated slag concrete (AASC) is significantly greater than that of concrete made with ordinary Portland cement (OPC). It limits the large-scale application of AASC in field engineering. This study investigates the effect of early age-curing methods, including water curing, curing in elevated-temperature water, and CO(2) curing, on drying shrinkage of AASC. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric (TG-DTG), and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) were carried out to analyze the composition and microstructure of hydration products, to provide deeper understanding of drying shrinkage of AASC. The results show that water curing decreased drying shrinkage of both C30 and C50 AASC moderately compared to air curing, while it was more effective for C30 AASC. Curing in water of elevated temperature and CO(2) curing were very beneficial to mitigate drying shrinkage of AASC. Heat curing decreased drying shrinkage of AASC up to 80%. SEM and TG-DTG results show that denser microstructure formed because of the accelerated hydration, resulting in lower porosity and lower proportion of pores smaller than 25 nm that contributed to the reduction of drying shrinkage. In addition, under high-temperature curing, most autogenous shrinkage of AASC occurred in the first few days because hydration was accelerated. After measurement of drying shrinkage was started, recorded autogenous shrinkage of AASC cured in elevated-temperature water should be much less than that of AASC cured at normal temperature. It is another important reason for the reduction of drying shrinkage. Carbonation occurring in the CO(2) curing period led to the decalcification of C-(A)-S-H gel; it coarsened the pore-size distribution and decreased the total porosity. Therefore, drying shrinkage of C30 and C50 AASC was declined by 49% and 53% respectively.