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Epitaxial Graphene Sensors Combined with 3D-Printed Microfluidic Chip for Heavy Metals Detection
In this work, we investigated the sensing performance of epitaxial graphene on Si-face 4H-SiC (EG/SiC) for liquid-phase detection of heavy metals (e.g., Pb and Cd), showing fast and stable response and low detection limit. The sensing platform proposed includes 3D-printed microfluidic devices, which...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6567039/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31130608 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19102393 |
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author | Santangelo, Maria Francesca Shtepliuk, Ivan Filippini, Daniel Puglisi, Donatella Vagin, Mikhail Yakimova, Rositsa Eriksson, Jens |
author_facet | Santangelo, Maria Francesca Shtepliuk, Ivan Filippini, Daniel Puglisi, Donatella Vagin, Mikhail Yakimova, Rositsa Eriksson, Jens |
author_sort | Santangelo, Maria Francesca |
collection | PubMed |
description | In this work, we investigated the sensing performance of epitaxial graphene on Si-face 4H-SiC (EG/SiC) for liquid-phase detection of heavy metals (e.g., Pb and Cd), showing fast and stable response and low detection limit. The sensing platform proposed includes 3D-printed microfluidic devices, which incorporate all features required to connect and execute lab-on-chip (LOC) functions. The obtained results indicate that EG exhibits excellent sensing activity towards Pb and Cd ions. Several concentrations of Pb(2+) solutions, ranging from 125 nM to 500 µM, were analyzed showing Langmuir correlation between signal and Pb(2+) concentrations, good stability, and reproducibility over time. Upon the simultaneous presence of both metals, sensor response is dominated by Pb(2+) rather than Cd(2+) ions. To explain the sensing mechanisms and difference in adsorption behavior of Pb(2+) and Cd(2+) ions on EG in water-based solutions, we performed van-der-Waals (vdW)-corrected density functional theory (DFT) calculations and non-covalent interaction (NCI) analysis, extended charge decomposition analysis (ECDA), and topological analysis. We demonstrated that Pb(2+) and Cd(2+) ions act as electron-acceptors, enhancing hole conductivity of EG, due to charge transfer from graphene to metal ions, and Pb(2+) ions have preferential ability to binding with graphene over cadmium. Electrochemical measurements confirmed the conductometric results, which additionally indicate that EG is more sensitive to lead than to cadmium. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6567039 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65670392019-06-17 Epitaxial Graphene Sensors Combined with 3D-Printed Microfluidic Chip for Heavy Metals Detection Santangelo, Maria Francesca Shtepliuk, Ivan Filippini, Daniel Puglisi, Donatella Vagin, Mikhail Yakimova, Rositsa Eriksson, Jens Sensors (Basel) Article In this work, we investigated the sensing performance of epitaxial graphene on Si-face 4H-SiC (EG/SiC) for liquid-phase detection of heavy metals (e.g., Pb and Cd), showing fast and stable response and low detection limit. The sensing platform proposed includes 3D-printed microfluidic devices, which incorporate all features required to connect and execute lab-on-chip (LOC) functions. The obtained results indicate that EG exhibits excellent sensing activity towards Pb and Cd ions. Several concentrations of Pb(2+) solutions, ranging from 125 nM to 500 µM, were analyzed showing Langmuir correlation between signal and Pb(2+) concentrations, good stability, and reproducibility over time. Upon the simultaneous presence of both metals, sensor response is dominated by Pb(2+) rather than Cd(2+) ions. To explain the sensing mechanisms and difference in adsorption behavior of Pb(2+) and Cd(2+) ions on EG in water-based solutions, we performed van-der-Waals (vdW)-corrected density functional theory (DFT) calculations and non-covalent interaction (NCI) analysis, extended charge decomposition analysis (ECDA), and topological analysis. We demonstrated that Pb(2+) and Cd(2+) ions act as electron-acceptors, enhancing hole conductivity of EG, due to charge transfer from graphene to metal ions, and Pb(2+) ions have preferential ability to binding with graphene over cadmium. Electrochemical measurements confirmed the conductometric results, which additionally indicate that EG is more sensitive to lead than to cadmium. MDPI 2019-05-25 /pmc/articles/PMC6567039/ /pubmed/31130608 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19102393 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Santangelo, Maria Francesca Shtepliuk, Ivan Filippini, Daniel Puglisi, Donatella Vagin, Mikhail Yakimova, Rositsa Eriksson, Jens Epitaxial Graphene Sensors Combined with 3D-Printed Microfluidic Chip for Heavy Metals Detection |
title | Epitaxial Graphene Sensors Combined with 3D-Printed Microfluidic Chip for Heavy Metals Detection |
title_full | Epitaxial Graphene Sensors Combined with 3D-Printed Microfluidic Chip for Heavy Metals Detection |
title_fullStr | Epitaxial Graphene Sensors Combined with 3D-Printed Microfluidic Chip for Heavy Metals Detection |
title_full_unstemmed | Epitaxial Graphene Sensors Combined with 3D-Printed Microfluidic Chip for Heavy Metals Detection |
title_short | Epitaxial Graphene Sensors Combined with 3D-Printed Microfluidic Chip for Heavy Metals Detection |
title_sort | epitaxial graphene sensors combined with 3d-printed microfluidic chip for heavy metals detection |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6567039/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31130608 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19102393 |
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