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Elaborated pollen packaging and dispensing mechanism induced by petal architecture from a Papaveraceae species

Secondary pollen presentation (SPP) is a reproductive strategy that enhances the efficiency of pollen transfer, which has been explored for more than 200 years, resulting in 10 identified types of SPP. The ephemeral plant Hypecoum erectum L. (Papaveraceae) has an elaborate petal structure. The middl...

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Autores principales: Yang, Shanlin, Chu, Guangming, Shi, Xiang, Wang, Shaoming
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: PeerJ Inc. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6568250/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31218126
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7066
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author Yang, Shanlin
Chu, Guangming
Shi, Xiang
Wang, Shaoming
author_facet Yang, Shanlin
Chu, Guangming
Shi, Xiang
Wang, Shaoming
author_sort Yang, Shanlin
collection PubMed
description Secondary pollen presentation (SPP) is a reproductive strategy that enhances the efficiency of pollen transfer, which has been explored for more than 200 years, resulting in 10 identified types of SPP. The ephemeral plant Hypecoum erectum L. (Papaveraceae) has an elaborate petal structure. The middle lobe is a key functional organ in SPP. To explore the importance of the middle lobe structure, we measured the flowering process, the curling movement and growth of the middle lobe, pollination characteristics, pollination efficiency, and the mating system in H. erectum in the field. The yellow middle lobe structure had an important role in attracting pollinators. The middle lobes on the inner petals function as a redundant cucullate structure and wrapped about 84% of the total pollen grains as soon as the anthers dehisced. These then grew upward and gradually presented pollen to pollinators via the roll out of the middle lobes. One bee species, Colletes vestitus from Colletidae, was the only effective pollinator of H. erectum. The SPP mechanism increased the efficiency of pollen transfer by C. vestitus. The middle lobes, which wrapped pollen and grew upward, contacted the stigma and provided an advantage for self-pollination and outcrossing by growing upward higher than the corolla. Hypecoum erectum L. has a mixed mating system with selfing and outcrossing. Thus, the SPP mechanism plays a key role during the pollination process and is necessary for improving pollination efficiency and promoting reproductive success.
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spelling pubmed-65682502019-06-19 Elaborated pollen packaging and dispensing mechanism induced by petal architecture from a Papaveraceae species Yang, Shanlin Chu, Guangming Shi, Xiang Wang, Shaoming PeerJ Ecology Secondary pollen presentation (SPP) is a reproductive strategy that enhances the efficiency of pollen transfer, which has been explored for more than 200 years, resulting in 10 identified types of SPP. The ephemeral plant Hypecoum erectum L. (Papaveraceae) has an elaborate petal structure. The middle lobe is a key functional organ in SPP. To explore the importance of the middle lobe structure, we measured the flowering process, the curling movement and growth of the middle lobe, pollination characteristics, pollination efficiency, and the mating system in H. erectum in the field. The yellow middle lobe structure had an important role in attracting pollinators. The middle lobes on the inner petals function as a redundant cucullate structure and wrapped about 84% of the total pollen grains as soon as the anthers dehisced. These then grew upward and gradually presented pollen to pollinators via the roll out of the middle lobes. One bee species, Colletes vestitus from Colletidae, was the only effective pollinator of H. erectum. The SPP mechanism increased the efficiency of pollen transfer by C. vestitus. The middle lobes, which wrapped pollen and grew upward, contacted the stigma and provided an advantage for self-pollination and outcrossing by growing upward higher than the corolla. Hypecoum erectum L. has a mixed mating system with selfing and outcrossing. Thus, the SPP mechanism plays a key role during the pollination process and is necessary for improving pollination efficiency and promoting reproductive success. PeerJ Inc. 2019-06-11 /pmc/articles/PMC6568250/ /pubmed/31218126 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7066 Text en © 2019 Yang et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
spellingShingle Ecology
Yang, Shanlin
Chu, Guangming
Shi, Xiang
Wang, Shaoming
Elaborated pollen packaging and dispensing mechanism induced by petal architecture from a Papaveraceae species
title Elaborated pollen packaging and dispensing mechanism induced by petal architecture from a Papaveraceae species
title_full Elaborated pollen packaging and dispensing mechanism induced by petal architecture from a Papaveraceae species
title_fullStr Elaborated pollen packaging and dispensing mechanism induced by petal architecture from a Papaveraceae species
title_full_unstemmed Elaborated pollen packaging and dispensing mechanism induced by petal architecture from a Papaveraceae species
title_short Elaborated pollen packaging and dispensing mechanism induced by petal architecture from a Papaveraceae species
title_sort elaborated pollen packaging and dispensing mechanism induced by petal architecture from a papaveraceae species
topic Ecology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6568250/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31218126
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7066
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