REVIEW: Current understanding of the pathogenesis of Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy

Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is the most prominent reason for corneal-endothelial transplantations across the globe. The disease pathophysiology manifests through a combination of various genetic and non-heritable factors. This review provides a comprehensive list of known genetic players that cause FECD, and discusses the prominent pathological features that participate in disease progression, such as channel dysfunction, abnormal extracellular matrix deposition, RNA toxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Although current practices to correct visual acuity involve surgical intervention, this review also discusses the scope of various non-surgical therapeutics to remedy FECD.