Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection associated with hemoptysis: A case report

RATIONALE: Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the failure of fusion of embryologic pulmonary venous system with left atrium. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 45-year-old male patient with PAPVC who was hospitalized because of mild hemoptysis. Images showed the anomalous vein originated from the left upper pulmonary vein and flowed into the left brachiocephalic vein. No other underlying causes for hemoptysis were detected. DIAGNOSIS: After multi-disciplinary discussion, the patient was diagnosed as PAPVC of left upper pulmonary vein draining into the left brachiocephalic vein with intact atrial septum. INTERVENTIONS: Although surgical correction of PAPVC was feasible, left upper lobectomy was performed as the definitive treatment for both hemoptysis and PAPVC. OUTCOMES: The patient had an uneventful postoperative hospital course and was followed up for nearly 2 years without recurrence of hemoptysis. LESSONS: PAPVC is associated with atrial septal defect in 80% to 90% of cases while isolated PAPVC with intact atrial septum is an extremely rare entity. We present a rare isolated PAPVC patient with hemoptysis. To our best knowledge, PAPVC associated with hemoptysis has never been reported before.