Primary pulmonary artery sarcoma with deep vein thrombosis: A case report

RATIONALE: Pulmonary artery sarcomas (PAS) are easily misdiagnosed as thromboembolic disease of pulmonary arteries, because of rarity and presenting with nonspecific signs, symptoms, or imaging findings. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 26-year-old man was admitted to the department of invasive technology with fever and dyspnea. Blood tests showed inflammatory activity, a slight increase of D-dimer and Fibrin Degradation Product. A chest enhanced computed tomography (CT) scanning revealed multiple filling defects occurred in the main trunk of both pulmonary arteries and branches of the left pulmonary artery DIAGNOSES: It was initially diagnosed with pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), but was eventually diagnosed with pulmonary artery sarcoma that was confirmed by biopsy. INTERVENTIONS: The transcatheter thrombolysis therapy, inferior vena cava filter implantation, and operation were performed. OUTCOMES: The Organized mass was removed by the operation and was pathologically diagnosed as pulmonary artery sarcoma, the patient received postoperative chemotherapy according to the recommendation of oncology department. LESSONS: Coagulation markers have been reported to differentiate PAS from PE, but this case suggested that PAS can be associated with DVT and abnormal coagulation-fibrinolysis system.