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Modifications in Vaginal Microbiota and Their Influence on Drug Release: Challenges and Opportunities
Vaginal drug delivery represents an attractive alternative to achieve local and systemic effects due to the high contact surface exposed, the mucoadhesion of the epithelium, and the high innervation that facilitates the absorption of drugs into the bloodstream. However, despite the confinement of th...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6571606/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31064154 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11050217 |
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author | Leyva-Gómez, Gerardo Del Prado-Audelo, María L. Ortega-Peña, Silvestre Mendoza-Muñoz, Néstor Urbán-Morlán, Zaida González-Torres, Maykel González-Del Carmen, Manuel Figueroa-González, Gabriela Reyes-Hernández, Octavio D. Cortés, Hernán |
author_facet | Leyva-Gómez, Gerardo Del Prado-Audelo, María L. Ortega-Peña, Silvestre Mendoza-Muñoz, Néstor Urbán-Morlán, Zaida González-Torres, Maykel González-Del Carmen, Manuel Figueroa-González, Gabriela Reyes-Hernández, Octavio D. Cortés, Hernán |
author_sort | Leyva-Gómez, Gerardo |
collection | PubMed |
description | Vaginal drug delivery represents an attractive alternative to achieve local and systemic effects due to the high contact surface exposed, the mucoadhesion of the epithelium, and the high innervation that facilitates the absorption of drugs into the bloodstream. However, despite the confinement of the vaginal cavity, it is an organ with a highly variable microenvironment. Mechanical alterations such as coitus, or chemical changes such as pH and viscosity, modify the release of drugs. In addition, changes in vaginal microbiota can influence the entire vaginal microenvironment, thus determining the disposition of drugs in the vaginal cavity and decreasing their therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, the influence of microorganisms on vaginal homeostasis can change the pre-established scenario for the application of drugs. This review aims to provide an explanation of normal vaginal microbiota, the factors that modify it, its involvement in the administration of drugs, and new proposals for the design of novel pharmaceutical dosage forms. Finally, challenges and opportunities directed toward the conception of new effective formulations are discussed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6571606 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65716062019-06-18 Modifications in Vaginal Microbiota and Their Influence on Drug Release: Challenges and Opportunities Leyva-Gómez, Gerardo Del Prado-Audelo, María L. Ortega-Peña, Silvestre Mendoza-Muñoz, Néstor Urbán-Morlán, Zaida González-Torres, Maykel González-Del Carmen, Manuel Figueroa-González, Gabriela Reyes-Hernández, Octavio D. Cortés, Hernán Pharmaceutics Review Vaginal drug delivery represents an attractive alternative to achieve local and systemic effects due to the high contact surface exposed, the mucoadhesion of the epithelium, and the high innervation that facilitates the absorption of drugs into the bloodstream. However, despite the confinement of the vaginal cavity, it is an organ with a highly variable microenvironment. Mechanical alterations such as coitus, or chemical changes such as pH and viscosity, modify the release of drugs. In addition, changes in vaginal microbiota can influence the entire vaginal microenvironment, thus determining the disposition of drugs in the vaginal cavity and decreasing their therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, the influence of microorganisms on vaginal homeostasis can change the pre-established scenario for the application of drugs. This review aims to provide an explanation of normal vaginal microbiota, the factors that modify it, its involvement in the administration of drugs, and new proposals for the design of novel pharmaceutical dosage forms. Finally, challenges and opportunities directed toward the conception of new effective formulations are discussed. MDPI 2019-05-06 /pmc/articles/PMC6571606/ /pubmed/31064154 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11050217 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Leyva-Gómez, Gerardo Del Prado-Audelo, María L. Ortega-Peña, Silvestre Mendoza-Muñoz, Néstor Urbán-Morlán, Zaida González-Torres, Maykel González-Del Carmen, Manuel Figueroa-González, Gabriela Reyes-Hernández, Octavio D. Cortés, Hernán Modifications in Vaginal Microbiota and Their Influence on Drug Release: Challenges and Opportunities |
title | Modifications in Vaginal Microbiota and Their Influence on Drug Release: Challenges and Opportunities |
title_full | Modifications in Vaginal Microbiota and Their Influence on Drug Release: Challenges and Opportunities |
title_fullStr | Modifications in Vaginal Microbiota and Their Influence on Drug Release: Challenges and Opportunities |
title_full_unstemmed | Modifications in Vaginal Microbiota and Their Influence on Drug Release: Challenges and Opportunities |
title_short | Modifications in Vaginal Microbiota and Their Influence on Drug Release: Challenges and Opportunities |
title_sort | modifications in vaginal microbiota and their influence on drug release: challenges and opportunities |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6571606/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31064154 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11050217 |
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