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Cranio-Facial Characteristics in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)

Background: Cranio-facial anomalies frequently occur in neurodevelopmental disorders because both face and brain are derived from neuroectoderm. The identification of differences in the facial phenotype of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) may reflect alterations in embryologic brain dev...

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Autores principales: Tripi, Gabriele, Roux, Sylvie, Matranga, Domenica, Maniscalco, Laura, Glorioso, Pasqualino, Bonnet-Brilhault, Frédérique, Roccella, Michele
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6571684/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31075935
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8050641
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author Tripi, Gabriele
Roux, Sylvie
Matranga, Domenica
Maniscalco, Laura
Glorioso, Pasqualino
Bonnet-Brilhault, Frédérique
Roccella, Michele
author_facet Tripi, Gabriele
Roux, Sylvie
Matranga, Domenica
Maniscalco, Laura
Glorioso, Pasqualino
Bonnet-Brilhault, Frédérique
Roccella, Michele
author_sort Tripi, Gabriele
collection PubMed
description Background: Cranio-facial anomalies frequently occur in neurodevelopmental disorders because both face and brain are derived from neuroectoderm. The identification of differences in the facial phenotype of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) may reflect alterations in embryologic brain development in children with ASD. Methods: we evaluated 33 caucasian children with ASD using a 2D computerized photogrammetry. Anthropometric euclidean measurements and landmarks located on the soft tissue of the face and head, were based on five cranio-facial indexes. Relationships between anthropometric z-scores and participant characteristics (i.e., age, Global IQ, severity of autistic symptoms measured using the CARS checklist) were assessed. Results: Cephalic index z-score differed significantly from 0 in our ASD group (p = 0.019). Moreover, a significant negative correlation was found between Facial Index z-score and CARS score (p = 0.003); conversely, a positive correlation was found between Interchantal Index z-score and CARS score (p = 0.028). Conclusion: our measurements shows a dolichocephalic head shape which is not correlated with autism severity. Importantly, two craniofacial markers were significantly correlated with autism severity: increased orbital hyperthelorism and decrease of height of the facial midline. These data support previous findings of craniofacial anomalies in autism spectrum disorder suggesting an “ASD facial phenotype” that could be used to improve ASD diagnoses.
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spelling pubmed-65716842019-06-18 Cranio-Facial Characteristics in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) Tripi, Gabriele Roux, Sylvie Matranga, Domenica Maniscalco, Laura Glorioso, Pasqualino Bonnet-Brilhault, Frédérique Roccella, Michele J Clin Med Article Background: Cranio-facial anomalies frequently occur in neurodevelopmental disorders because both face and brain are derived from neuroectoderm. The identification of differences in the facial phenotype of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) may reflect alterations in embryologic brain development in children with ASD. Methods: we evaluated 33 caucasian children with ASD using a 2D computerized photogrammetry. Anthropometric euclidean measurements and landmarks located on the soft tissue of the face and head, were based on five cranio-facial indexes. Relationships between anthropometric z-scores and participant characteristics (i.e., age, Global IQ, severity of autistic symptoms measured using the CARS checklist) were assessed. Results: Cephalic index z-score differed significantly from 0 in our ASD group (p = 0.019). Moreover, a significant negative correlation was found between Facial Index z-score and CARS score (p = 0.003); conversely, a positive correlation was found between Interchantal Index z-score and CARS score (p = 0.028). Conclusion: our measurements shows a dolichocephalic head shape which is not correlated with autism severity. Importantly, two craniofacial markers were significantly correlated with autism severity: increased orbital hyperthelorism and decrease of height of the facial midline. These data support previous findings of craniofacial anomalies in autism spectrum disorder suggesting an “ASD facial phenotype” that could be used to improve ASD diagnoses. MDPI 2019-05-09 /pmc/articles/PMC6571684/ /pubmed/31075935 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8050641 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Tripi, Gabriele
Roux, Sylvie
Matranga, Domenica
Maniscalco, Laura
Glorioso, Pasqualino
Bonnet-Brilhault, Frédérique
Roccella, Michele
Cranio-Facial Characteristics in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
title Cranio-Facial Characteristics in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
title_full Cranio-Facial Characteristics in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
title_fullStr Cranio-Facial Characteristics in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
title_full_unstemmed Cranio-Facial Characteristics in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
title_short Cranio-Facial Characteristics in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
title_sort cranio-facial characteristics in children with autism spectrum disorders (asd)
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6571684/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31075935
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8050641
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