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Identifying Three-Dimensional Facial Fluctuating Asymmetry in Normal Pediatric Individuals: A Panel Assessment Outcome Study of Clinicians and Observers

This study measured three-dimensional facial fluctuating asymmetry in 600 normal and healthy Taiwanese individuals (6 to 12 years old) and assessed the perceptions of increasing levels of facial fluctuating asymmetric severity by using a panel composed of 20 clinicians (surgical professionals), as w...

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Autores principales: Chou, Pang-Yun, Denadai, Rafael, Chen, Shih-Heng, Tseng, Hsiao-Jung, Hsu, Chih-Kai, Wang, Sheng-Wei, Hallac, Rami, Chen, Chih-Hao, Kane, Alex A., Lo, Lun-Jou
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6571690/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31083393
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8050648
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author Chou, Pang-Yun
Denadai, Rafael
Chen, Shih-Heng
Tseng, Hsiao-Jung
Hsu, Chih-Kai
Wang, Sheng-Wei
Hallac, Rami
Chen, Chih-Hao
Kane, Alex A.
Lo, Lun-Jou
author_facet Chou, Pang-Yun
Denadai, Rafael
Chen, Shih-Heng
Tseng, Hsiao-Jung
Hsu, Chih-Kai
Wang, Sheng-Wei
Hallac, Rami
Chen, Chih-Hao
Kane, Alex A.
Lo, Lun-Jou
author_sort Chou, Pang-Yun
collection PubMed
description This study measured three-dimensional facial fluctuating asymmetry in 600 normal and healthy Taiwanese individuals (6 to 12 years old) and assessed the perceptions of increasing levels of facial fluctuating asymmetric severity by using a panel composed of 20 clinicians (surgical professionals), as well as 20 adult and 40 pre-adolescent observers. On average, this normal cohort presented a facial fluctuating asymmetry of 0.96 ± 0.52 mm, with 0.52 ± 0.05, 0.67 ± 0.09, 1.01 ± 0.10, and 1.71 ± 0.36 mm for levels I, II, III, and IV of severity, respectively. For all categories of raters, significant differences in the average symmetry–asymmetry scale values were observed, with level I < level II < level III = level IV (all p < 0.01, except for level III vs. IV comparisons with p > 0.05). For level I, pre-adolescent observers presented a significantly (p < 0.05) higher symmetry–asymmetry scale value than adult observers, with no significant (all p > 0.05) differences for other comparisons. For overall facial asymmetry and levels II, III, and IV, no significant (all p > 0.05) differences were observed. This study reveals that the normal pediatric face is asymmetric and the panel assessment of facial fluctuating asymmetry was influenced by the level of severity and the category of raters and contributes to the literature by revealing that pre-adolescent raters present a similar or higher perception of facial asymmetry than adult raters.
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spelling pubmed-65716902019-06-18 Identifying Three-Dimensional Facial Fluctuating Asymmetry in Normal Pediatric Individuals: A Panel Assessment Outcome Study of Clinicians and Observers Chou, Pang-Yun Denadai, Rafael Chen, Shih-Heng Tseng, Hsiao-Jung Hsu, Chih-Kai Wang, Sheng-Wei Hallac, Rami Chen, Chih-Hao Kane, Alex A. Lo, Lun-Jou J Clin Med Article This study measured three-dimensional facial fluctuating asymmetry in 600 normal and healthy Taiwanese individuals (6 to 12 years old) and assessed the perceptions of increasing levels of facial fluctuating asymmetric severity by using a panel composed of 20 clinicians (surgical professionals), as well as 20 adult and 40 pre-adolescent observers. On average, this normal cohort presented a facial fluctuating asymmetry of 0.96 ± 0.52 mm, with 0.52 ± 0.05, 0.67 ± 0.09, 1.01 ± 0.10, and 1.71 ± 0.36 mm for levels I, II, III, and IV of severity, respectively. For all categories of raters, significant differences in the average symmetry–asymmetry scale values were observed, with level I < level II < level III = level IV (all p < 0.01, except for level III vs. IV comparisons with p > 0.05). For level I, pre-adolescent observers presented a significantly (p < 0.05) higher symmetry–asymmetry scale value than adult observers, with no significant (all p > 0.05) differences for other comparisons. For overall facial asymmetry and levels II, III, and IV, no significant (all p > 0.05) differences were observed. This study reveals that the normal pediatric face is asymmetric and the panel assessment of facial fluctuating asymmetry was influenced by the level of severity and the category of raters and contributes to the literature by revealing that pre-adolescent raters present a similar or higher perception of facial asymmetry than adult raters. MDPI 2019-05-10 /pmc/articles/PMC6571690/ /pubmed/31083393 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8050648 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Chou, Pang-Yun
Denadai, Rafael
Chen, Shih-Heng
Tseng, Hsiao-Jung
Hsu, Chih-Kai
Wang, Sheng-Wei
Hallac, Rami
Chen, Chih-Hao
Kane, Alex A.
Lo, Lun-Jou
Identifying Three-Dimensional Facial Fluctuating Asymmetry in Normal Pediatric Individuals: A Panel Assessment Outcome Study of Clinicians and Observers
title Identifying Three-Dimensional Facial Fluctuating Asymmetry in Normal Pediatric Individuals: A Panel Assessment Outcome Study of Clinicians and Observers
title_full Identifying Three-Dimensional Facial Fluctuating Asymmetry in Normal Pediatric Individuals: A Panel Assessment Outcome Study of Clinicians and Observers
title_fullStr Identifying Three-Dimensional Facial Fluctuating Asymmetry in Normal Pediatric Individuals: A Panel Assessment Outcome Study of Clinicians and Observers
title_full_unstemmed Identifying Three-Dimensional Facial Fluctuating Asymmetry in Normal Pediatric Individuals: A Panel Assessment Outcome Study of Clinicians and Observers
title_short Identifying Three-Dimensional Facial Fluctuating Asymmetry in Normal Pediatric Individuals: A Panel Assessment Outcome Study of Clinicians and Observers
title_sort identifying three-dimensional facial fluctuating asymmetry in normal pediatric individuals: a panel assessment outcome study of clinicians and observers
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6571690/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31083393
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8050648
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