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Serum Iron Levels and Copper-to-Zinc Ratio in Sickle Cell Disease

Background and Objectives: Altered copper and zinc homeostasis may influence the antioxidant defense system and consequently lead to oxidative stress and associated complications in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients. Iron levels have been reported to increase in sickle cell patients due to frequent...

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Autores principales: Antwi-Boasiako, Charles, Dankwah, Gifty B., Aryee, Robert, Hayfron-Benjamin, Charles, Doku, Alfred, N’guessan, Benoit Banga, Asiedu-Gyekye, Isaac Julius, Campbell, Andrew D.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6572688/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31117252
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55050180
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author Antwi-Boasiako, Charles
Dankwah, Gifty B.
Aryee, Robert
Hayfron-Benjamin, Charles
Doku, Alfred
N’guessan, Benoit Banga
Asiedu-Gyekye, Isaac Julius
Campbell, Andrew D.
author_facet Antwi-Boasiako, Charles
Dankwah, Gifty B.
Aryee, Robert
Hayfron-Benjamin, Charles
Doku, Alfred
N’guessan, Benoit Banga
Asiedu-Gyekye, Isaac Julius
Campbell, Andrew D.
author_sort Antwi-Boasiako, Charles
collection PubMed
description Background and Objectives: Altered copper and zinc homeostasis may influence the antioxidant defense system and consequently lead to oxidative stress and associated complications in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients. Iron levels have been reported to increase in sickle cell patients due to frequent blood transfusion, chronic intravenous haemolysis and increased absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract. These elevated levels of iron may also lead to extensive oxidative damage. The current study evaluated serum levels of iron, copper and zinc in SCD patients and “healthy” controls. Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional one, comprising 90 SCD patients with Haemoglobin SS and Haemoglobin SC genotypes and 50 HbAA “healthy” controls. Serum levels of iron, copper and zinc were measured using a Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (Variant 240FS manufactured by VARIAN Australia Pty Ltd, VIC, Australia). Copper and zinc ratios were calculated and analyzed. Results: Serum levels of iron and copper were significantly elevated in the SCD patients, compared to their “healthy” counterparts (p < 0.001). These levels were further increased in patients with haemoglobin SS in vaso-occlusive crises (HbSS VOCs). Serum zinc levels were, however, significantly lower in the SCD patients, particularly during vaso-occlusion. The copper-to-zinc ratio was also found to be significantly higher in the SCD patients. Conclusion: Elevated copper-to-zinc ratio may be a biomarker of sickle cell oxidative stress and associated complications. The ratio may also be informative for the management of sickle cell oxidative burden. The significantly lower levels of zinc in the SCD patients may warrant zinc supplementation.
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spelling pubmed-65726882019-06-18 Serum Iron Levels and Copper-to-Zinc Ratio in Sickle Cell Disease Antwi-Boasiako, Charles Dankwah, Gifty B. Aryee, Robert Hayfron-Benjamin, Charles Doku, Alfred N’guessan, Benoit Banga Asiedu-Gyekye, Isaac Julius Campbell, Andrew D. Medicina (Kaunas) Article Background and Objectives: Altered copper and zinc homeostasis may influence the antioxidant defense system and consequently lead to oxidative stress and associated complications in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients. Iron levels have been reported to increase in sickle cell patients due to frequent blood transfusion, chronic intravenous haemolysis and increased absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract. These elevated levels of iron may also lead to extensive oxidative damage. The current study evaluated serum levels of iron, copper and zinc in SCD patients and “healthy” controls. Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional one, comprising 90 SCD patients with Haemoglobin SS and Haemoglobin SC genotypes and 50 HbAA “healthy” controls. Serum levels of iron, copper and zinc were measured using a Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (Variant 240FS manufactured by VARIAN Australia Pty Ltd, VIC, Australia). Copper and zinc ratios were calculated and analyzed. Results: Serum levels of iron and copper were significantly elevated in the SCD patients, compared to their “healthy” counterparts (p < 0.001). These levels were further increased in patients with haemoglobin SS in vaso-occlusive crises (HbSS VOCs). Serum zinc levels were, however, significantly lower in the SCD patients, particularly during vaso-occlusion. The copper-to-zinc ratio was also found to be significantly higher in the SCD patients. Conclusion: Elevated copper-to-zinc ratio may be a biomarker of sickle cell oxidative stress and associated complications. The ratio may also be informative for the management of sickle cell oxidative burden. The significantly lower levels of zinc in the SCD patients may warrant zinc supplementation. MDPI 2019-05-21 /pmc/articles/PMC6572688/ /pubmed/31117252 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55050180 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Antwi-Boasiako, Charles
Dankwah, Gifty B.
Aryee, Robert
Hayfron-Benjamin, Charles
Doku, Alfred
N’guessan, Benoit Banga
Asiedu-Gyekye, Isaac Julius
Campbell, Andrew D.
Serum Iron Levels and Copper-to-Zinc Ratio in Sickle Cell Disease
title Serum Iron Levels and Copper-to-Zinc Ratio in Sickle Cell Disease
title_full Serum Iron Levels and Copper-to-Zinc Ratio in Sickle Cell Disease
title_fullStr Serum Iron Levels and Copper-to-Zinc Ratio in Sickle Cell Disease
title_full_unstemmed Serum Iron Levels and Copper-to-Zinc Ratio in Sickle Cell Disease
title_short Serum Iron Levels and Copper-to-Zinc Ratio in Sickle Cell Disease
title_sort serum iron levels and copper-to-zinc ratio in sickle cell disease
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6572688/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31117252
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55050180
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