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A Review on Equine Piroplasmosis: Epidemiology, Vector Ecology, Risk Factors, Host Immunity, Diagnosis and Control
Equine Piroplasmosis (EP) is a tick-borne disease caused by apicomplexan protozoan parasites, Babesia caballi and Theileria equi. The disease is responsible for serious economic losses to the equine industry. It principally affects donkeys, horses, mules, and zebra but DNA of the parasites has also...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6572709/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31100920 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101736 |
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author | Onyiche, ThankGod E. Suganuma, Keisuke Igarashi, Ikuo Yokoyama, Naoaki Xuan, Xuenan Thekisoe, Oriel |
author_facet | Onyiche, ThankGod E. Suganuma, Keisuke Igarashi, Ikuo Yokoyama, Naoaki Xuan, Xuenan Thekisoe, Oriel |
author_sort | Onyiche, ThankGod E. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Equine Piroplasmosis (EP) is a tick-borne disease caused by apicomplexan protozoan parasites, Babesia caballi and Theileria equi. The disease is responsible for serious economic losses to the equine industry. It principally affects donkeys, horses, mules, and zebra but DNA of the parasites has also been detected in dogs and camels raising doubt about their host specificity. The disease is endemic in tropical and temperate regions of the world where the competent tick vectors are prevalent. Infected equids remain carrier for life with T. equi infection, whilst, infection with B. caballi is cleared within a few years. This review focuses on all aspects of the disease from the historical overview, biology of the parasite, epidemiology of the disease (specifically highlighting other non-equine hosts, such as dogs and camels), vector, clinical manifestations, risk factors, immunology, genetic diversity, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6572709 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65727092019-06-18 A Review on Equine Piroplasmosis: Epidemiology, Vector Ecology, Risk Factors, Host Immunity, Diagnosis and Control Onyiche, ThankGod E. Suganuma, Keisuke Igarashi, Ikuo Yokoyama, Naoaki Xuan, Xuenan Thekisoe, Oriel Int J Environ Res Public Health Review Equine Piroplasmosis (EP) is a tick-borne disease caused by apicomplexan protozoan parasites, Babesia caballi and Theileria equi. The disease is responsible for serious economic losses to the equine industry. It principally affects donkeys, horses, mules, and zebra but DNA of the parasites has also been detected in dogs and camels raising doubt about their host specificity. The disease is endemic in tropical and temperate regions of the world where the competent tick vectors are prevalent. Infected equids remain carrier for life with T. equi infection, whilst, infection with B. caballi is cleared within a few years. This review focuses on all aspects of the disease from the historical overview, biology of the parasite, epidemiology of the disease (specifically highlighting other non-equine hosts, such as dogs and camels), vector, clinical manifestations, risk factors, immunology, genetic diversity, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. MDPI 2019-05-16 2019-05 /pmc/articles/PMC6572709/ /pubmed/31100920 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101736 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Onyiche, ThankGod E. Suganuma, Keisuke Igarashi, Ikuo Yokoyama, Naoaki Xuan, Xuenan Thekisoe, Oriel A Review on Equine Piroplasmosis: Epidemiology, Vector Ecology, Risk Factors, Host Immunity, Diagnosis and Control |
title | A Review on Equine Piroplasmosis: Epidemiology, Vector Ecology, Risk Factors, Host Immunity, Diagnosis and Control |
title_full | A Review on Equine Piroplasmosis: Epidemiology, Vector Ecology, Risk Factors, Host Immunity, Diagnosis and Control |
title_fullStr | A Review on Equine Piroplasmosis: Epidemiology, Vector Ecology, Risk Factors, Host Immunity, Diagnosis and Control |
title_full_unstemmed | A Review on Equine Piroplasmosis: Epidemiology, Vector Ecology, Risk Factors, Host Immunity, Diagnosis and Control |
title_short | A Review on Equine Piroplasmosis: Epidemiology, Vector Ecology, Risk Factors, Host Immunity, Diagnosis and Control |
title_sort | review on equine piroplasmosis: epidemiology, vector ecology, risk factors, host immunity, diagnosis and control |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6572709/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31100920 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101736 |
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