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A Review on Equine Piroplasmosis: Epidemiology, Vector Ecology, Risk Factors, Host Immunity, Diagnosis and Control

Equine Piroplasmosis (EP) is a tick-borne disease caused by apicomplexan protozoan parasites, Babesia caballi and Theileria equi. The disease is responsible for serious economic losses to the equine industry. It principally affects donkeys, horses, mules, and zebra but DNA of the parasites has also...

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Autores principales: Onyiche, ThankGod E., Suganuma, Keisuke, Igarashi, Ikuo, Yokoyama, Naoaki, Xuan, Xuenan, Thekisoe, Oriel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6572709/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31100920
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101736
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author Onyiche, ThankGod E.
Suganuma, Keisuke
Igarashi, Ikuo
Yokoyama, Naoaki
Xuan, Xuenan
Thekisoe, Oriel
author_facet Onyiche, ThankGod E.
Suganuma, Keisuke
Igarashi, Ikuo
Yokoyama, Naoaki
Xuan, Xuenan
Thekisoe, Oriel
author_sort Onyiche, ThankGod E.
collection PubMed
description Equine Piroplasmosis (EP) is a tick-borne disease caused by apicomplexan protozoan parasites, Babesia caballi and Theileria equi. The disease is responsible for serious economic losses to the equine industry. It principally affects donkeys, horses, mules, and zebra but DNA of the parasites has also been detected in dogs and camels raising doubt about their host specificity. The disease is endemic in tropical and temperate regions of the world where the competent tick vectors are prevalent. Infected equids remain carrier for life with T. equi infection, whilst, infection with B. caballi is cleared within a few years. This review focuses on all aspects of the disease from the historical overview, biology of the parasite, epidemiology of the disease (specifically highlighting other non-equine hosts, such as dogs and camels), vector, clinical manifestations, risk factors, immunology, genetic diversity, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
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spelling pubmed-65727092019-06-18 A Review on Equine Piroplasmosis: Epidemiology, Vector Ecology, Risk Factors, Host Immunity, Diagnosis and Control Onyiche, ThankGod E. Suganuma, Keisuke Igarashi, Ikuo Yokoyama, Naoaki Xuan, Xuenan Thekisoe, Oriel Int J Environ Res Public Health Review Equine Piroplasmosis (EP) is a tick-borne disease caused by apicomplexan protozoan parasites, Babesia caballi and Theileria equi. The disease is responsible for serious economic losses to the equine industry. It principally affects donkeys, horses, mules, and zebra but DNA of the parasites has also been detected in dogs and camels raising doubt about their host specificity. The disease is endemic in tropical and temperate regions of the world where the competent tick vectors are prevalent. Infected equids remain carrier for life with T. equi infection, whilst, infection with B. caballi is cleared within a few years. This review focuses on all aspects of the disease from the historical overview, biology of the parasite, epidemiology of the disease (specifically highlighting other non-equine hosts, such as dogs and camels), vector, clinical manifestations, risk factors, immunology, genetic diversity, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. MDPI 2019-05-16 2019-05 /pmc/articles/PMC6572709/ /pubmed/31100920 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101736 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Onyiche, ThankGod E.
Suganuma, Keisuke
Igarashi, Ikuo
Yokoyama, Naoaki
Xuan, Xuenan
Thekisoe, Oriel
A Review on Equine Piroplasmosis: Epidemiology, Vector Ecology, Risk Factors, Host Immunity, Diagnosis and Control
title A Review on Equine Piroplasmosis: Epidemiology, Vector Ecology, Risk Factors, Host Immunity, Diagnosis and Control
title_full A Review on Equine Piroplasmosis: Epidemiology, Vector Ecology, Risk Factors, Host Immunity, Diagnosis and Control
title_fullStr A Review on Equine Piroplasmosis: Epidemiology, Vector Ecology, Risk Factors, Host Immunity, Diagnosis and Control
title_full_unstemmed A Review on Equine Piroplasmosis: Epidemiology, Vector Ecology, Risk Factors, Host Immunity, Diagnosis and Control
title_short A Review on Equine Piroplasmosis: Epidemiology, Vector Ecology, Risk Factors, Host Immunity, Diagnosis and Control
title_sort review on equine piroplasmosis: epidemiology, vector ecology, risk factors, host immunity, diagnosis and control
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6572709/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31100920
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101736
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