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Acylation – A New Means to Control Traffic Through the Golgi

The Golgi is well known to act as center for modification and sorting of proteins for secretion and delivery to other organelles. A key sorting step occurs at the trans-Golgi network and is mediated by protein adapters. However, recent data indicate that sorting also occurs much earlier, at the cis-...

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Autores principales: Ernst, Andreas M., Toomre, Derek, Bogan, Jonathan S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6582194/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31245373
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2019.00109
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author Ernst, Andreas M.
Toomre, Derek
Bogan, Jonathan S.
author_facet Ernst, Andreas M.
Toomre, Derek
Bogan, Jonathan S.
author_sort Ernst, Andreas M.
collection PubMed
description The Golgi is well known to act as center for modification and sorting of proteins for secretion and delivery to other organelles. A key sorting step occurs at the trans-Golgi network and is mediated by protein adapters. However, recent data indicate that sorting also occurs much earlier, at the cis-Golgi, and uses lipid acylation as a novel means to regulate anterograde flux. Here, we examine an emerging role of S-palmitoylation/acylation as a mechanism to regulate anterograde routing. We discuss the critical Golgi-localized DHHC S-palmitoyltransferase enzymes that orchestrate this lipid modification, as well as their diverse protein clients (e.g., MAP6, SNAP25, CSP, LAT, β-adrenergic receptors, GABA receptors, and GLUT4 glucose transporters). Critically, for integral membrane proteins, S-acylation can act as new a “self-sorting” signal to concentrate these cargoes in rims of Golgi cisternae, and to promote their rapid traffic through the Golgi or, potentially, to bypass the Golgi. We discuss this mechanism and examine its potential relevance to human physiology and disease, including diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases.
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spelling pubmed-65821942019-06-26 Acylation – A New Means to Control Traffic Through the Golgi Ernst, Andreas M. Toomre, Derek Bogan, Jonathan S. Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology The Golgi is well known to act as center for modification and sorting of proteins for secretion and delivery to other organelles. A key sorting step occurs at the trans-Golgi network and is mediated by protein adapters. However, recent data indicate that sorting also occurs much earlier, at the cis-Golgi, and uses lipid acylation as a novel means to regulate anterograde flux. Here, we examine an emerging role of S-palmitoylation/acylation as a mechanism to regulate anterograde routing. We discuss the critical Golgi-localized DHHC S-palmitoyltransferase enzymes that orchestrate this lipid modification, as well as their diverse protein clients (e.g., MAP6, SNAP25, CSP, LAT, β-adrenergic receptors, GABA receptors, and GLUT4 glucose transporters). Critically, for integral membrane proteins, S-acylation can act as new a “self-sorting” signal to concentrate these cargoes in rims of Golgi cisternae, and to promote their rapid traffic through the Golgi or, potentially, to bypass the Golgi. We discuss this mechanism and examine its potential relevance to human physiology and disease, including diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-06-12 /pmc/articles/PMC6582194/ /pubmed/31245373 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2019.00109 Text en Copyright © 2019 Ernst, Toomre and Bogan. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cell and Developmental Biology
Ernst, Andreas M.
Toomre, Derek
Bogan, Jonathan S.
Acylation – A New Means to Control Traffic Through the Golgi
title Acylation – A New Means to Control Traffic Through the Golgi
title_full Acylation – A New Means to Control Traffic Through the Golgi
title_fullStr Acylation – A New Means to Control Traffic Through the Golgi
title_full_unstemmed Acylation – A New Means to Control Traffic Through the Golgi
title_short Acylation – A New Means to Control Traffic Through the Golgi
title_sort acylation – a new means to control traffic through the golgi
topic Cell and Developmental Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6582194/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31245373
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2019.00109
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