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Roles of the Phosphorylation of Transcriptional Factors in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the first step in the development of the invasive and migratory properties of cancer metastasis. Since the transcriptional reprogramming of a number of genes occurs in EMT, the regulation of EMT transcription factors has been intensively investigated. EM...

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Autores principales: Xu, Rong, Won, Jae-Yeon, Kim, Chang-Hyeon, Kim, Da-Eun, Yim, Hyungshin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6582791/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31275381
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5810465
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author Xu, Rong
Won, Jae-Yeon
Kim, Chang-Hyeon
Kim, Da-Eun
Yim, Hyungshin
author_facet Xu, Rong
Won, Jae-Yeon
Kim, Chang-Hyeon
Kim, Da-Eun
Yim, Hyungshin
author_sort Xu, Rong
collection PubMed
description Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the first step in the development of the invasive and migratory properties of cancer metastasis. Since the transcriptional reprogramming of a number of genes occurs in EMT, the regulation of EMT transcription factors has been intensively investigated. EMT transcriptional factors are commonly classified by the direct or indirect repression of E-cadherin because one of hallmarks of EMT is the loss of E-cadherin. This facilitates the expression of genes for EMT, tumor invasion, and metastasis. The posttranslational modification of EMT transcriptional factors, such as Snail and Slug, directly regulates their functions, including their stability, nuclear localization, protein-protein interaction, and ubiquitination for the promotion or termination of EMT at the specific points. Here, we discuss how posttranslational modifications regulate gene expression in a dynamic and reversible manner by modifying upstream signaling pathways, focusing in particular on the posttranslational modifications of Snail, Slug, ZEB1, ZEB2, and TWIST1. This review demonstrates that EMT transcription factors regulate metastasis through their posttranslational modifications and that the flexibility and reversibility of EMT can be modified by phosphorylation.
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spelling pubmed-65827912019-07-03 Roles of the Phosphorylation of Transcriptional Factors in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Xu, Rong Won, Jae-Yeon Kim, Chang-Hyeon Kim, Da-Eun Yim, Hyungshin J Oncol Review Article Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the first step in the development of the invasive and migratory properties of cancer metastasis. Since the transcriptional reprogramming of a number of genes occurs in EMT, the regulation of EMT transcription factors has been intensively investigated. EMT transcriptional factors are commonly classified by the direct or indirect repression of E-cadherin because one of hallmarks of EMT is the loss of E-cadherin. This facilitates the expression of genes for EMT, tumor invasion, and metastasis. The posttranslational modification of EMT transcriptional factors, such as Snail and Slug, directly regulates their functions, including their stability, nuclear localization, protein-protein interaction, and ubiquitination for the promotion or termination of EMT at the specific points. Here, we discuss how posttranslational modifications regulate gene expression in a dynamic and reversible manner by modifying upstream signaling pathways, focusing in particular on the posttranslational modifications of Snail, Slug, ZEB1, ZEB2, and TWIST1. This review demonstrates that EMT transcription factors regulate metastasis through their posttranslational modifications and that the flexibility and reversibility of EMT can be modified by phosphorylation. Hindawi 2019-06-02 /pmc/articles/PMC6582791/ /pubmed/31275381 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5810465 Text en Copyright © 2019 Rong Xu et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Xu, Rong
Won, Jae-Yeon
Kim, Chang-Hyeon
Kim, Da-Eun
Yim, Hyungshin
Roles of the Phosphorylation of Transcriptional Factors in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
title Roles of the Phosphorylation of Transcriptional Factors in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
title_full Roles of the Phosphorylation of Transcriptional Factors in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
title_fullStr Roles of the Phosphorylation of Transcriptional Factors in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
title_full_unstemmed Roles of the Phosphorylation of Transcriptional Factors in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
title_short Roles of the Phosphorylation of Transcriptional Factors in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
title_sort roles of the phosphorylation of transcriptional factors in epithelial-mesenchymal transition
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6582791/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31275381
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5810465
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