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Differentiation of chromoplasts and other plastids in plants

Plant cells are characterized by a unique group of interconvertible organelles called plastids, which are descended from prokaryotic endosymbionts. The most studied plastid type is the chloroplast, which carries out the ancestral plastid function of photosynthesis. During the course of evolution, pl...

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Autores principales: Sadali, Najiah M., Sowden, Robert G., Ling, Qihua, Jarvis, R. Paul
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6584231/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31079194
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00299-019-02420-2
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author Sadali, Najiah M.
Sowden, Robert G.
Ling, Qihua
Jarvis, R. Paul
author_facet Sadali, Najiah M.
Sowden, Robert G.
Ling, Qihua
Jarvis, R. Paul
author_sort Sadali, Najiah M.
collection PubMed
description Plant cells are characterized by a unique group of interconvertible organelles called plastids, which are descended from prokaryotic endosymbionts. The most studied plastid type is the chloroplast, which carries out the ancestral plastid function of photosynthesis. During the course of evolution, plastid activities were increasingly integrated with cellular metabolism and functions, and plant developmental processes, and this led to the creation of new types of non-photosynthetic plastids. These include the chromoplast, a carotenoid-rich organelle typically found in flowers and fruits. Here, we provide an introduction to non-photosynthetic plastids, and then review the structures and functions of chromoplasts in detail. The role of chromoplast differentiation in fruit ripening in particular is explored, and the factors that govern plastid development are examined, including hormonal regulation, gene expression, and plastid protein import. In the latter process, nucleus-encoded preproteins must pass through two successive protein translocons in the outer and inner envelope membranes of the plastid; these are known as TOC and TIC (translocon at the outer/inner chloroplast envelope), respectively. The discovery of SP1 (suppressor of ppi1 locus1), which encodes a RING-type ubiquitin E3 ligase localized in the plastid outer envelope membrane, revealed that plastid protein import is regulated through the selective targeting of TOC complexes for degradation by the ubiquitin–proteasome system. This suggests the possibility of engineering plastid protein import in novel crop improvement strategies.
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spelling pubmed-65842312019-07-05 Differentiation of chromoplasts and other plastids in plants Sadali, Najiah M. Sowden, Robert G. Ling, Qihua Jarvis, R. Paul Plant Cell Rep Review Plant cells are characterized by a unique group of interconvertible organelles called plastids, which are descended from prokaryotic endosymbionts. The most studied plastid type is the chloroplast, which carries out the ancestral plastid function of photosynthesis. During the course of evolution, plastid activities were increasingly integrated with cellular metabolism and functions, and plant developmental processes, and this led to the creation of new types of non-photosynthetic plastids. These include the chromoplast, a carotenoid-rich organelle typically found in flowers and fruits. Here, we provide an introduction to non-photosynthetic plastids, and then review the structures and functions of chromoplasts in detail. The role of chromoplast differentiation in fruit ripening in particular is explored, and the factors that govern plastid development are examined, including hormonal regulation, gene expression, and plastid protein import. In the latter process, nucleus-encoded preproteins must pass through two successive protein translocons in the outer and inner envelope membranes of the plastid; these are known as TOC and TIC (translocon at the outer/inner chloroplast envelope), respectively. The discovery of SP1 (suppressor of ppi1 locus1), which encodes a RING-type ubiquitin E3 ligase localized in the plastid outer envelope membrane, revealed that plastid protein import is regulated through the selective targeting of TOC complexes for degradation by the ubiquitin–proteasome system. This suggests the possibility of engineering plastid protein import in novel crop improvement strategies. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2019-05-11 2019 /pmc/articles/PMC6584231/ /pubmed/31079194 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00299-019-02420-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
spellingShingle Review
Sadali, Najiah M.
Sowden, Robert G.
Ling, Qihua
Jarvis, R. Paul
Differentiation of chromoplasts and other plastids in plants
title Differentiation of chromoplasts and other plastids in plants
title_full Differentiation of chromoplasts and other plastids in plants
title_fullStr Differentiation of chromoplasts and other plastids in plants
title_full_unstemmed Differentiation of chromoplasts and other plastids in plants
title_short Differentiation of chromoplasts and other plastids in plants
title_sort differentiation of chromoplasts and other plastids in plants
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6584231/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31079194
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00299-019-02420-2
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