Cargando…
Recruitment of men to a multi-centre diabetes prevention trial: an evaluation of traditional and online promotional strategies
BACKGROUND: Effective interventions are required to prevent the current rapid increase in the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes. Clinical trials of large-scale interventions to prevent Type 2 diabetes are essential but recruitment is challenging and expensive, and there are limited data regarding the mo...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2019
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6585027/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31217024 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13063-019-3485-2 |
_version_ | 1783428622901575680 |
---|---|
author | Bracken, Karen Hague, Wendy Keech, Anthony Conway, Ann Handelsman, David J. Grossmann, Mathis Jesudason, David Stuckey, Bronwyn Yeap, Bu B. Inder, Warrick Allan, Carolyn McLachlan, Robert Robledo, Kristy P. Wittert, Gary |
author_facet | Bracken, Karen Hague, Wendy Keech, Anthony Conway, Ann Handelsman, David J. Grossmann, Mathis Jesudason, David Stuckey, Bronwyn Yeap, Bu B. Inder, Warrick Allan, Carolyn McLachlan, Robert Robledo, Kristy P. Wittert, Gary |
author_sort | Bracken, Karen |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Effective interventions are required to prevent the current rapid increase in the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes. Clinical trials of large-scale interventions to prevent Type 2 diabetes are essential but recruitment is challenging and expensive, and there are limited data regarding the most cost-effective and efficient approaches to recruitment. This paper aims to evaluate the cost and effectiveness of a range of promotional strategies used to recruit men to a large Type 2 diabetes prevention trial. METHODS: An observational study was conducted nested within the Testosterone for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes (T4DM) study, a large, multi-centre randomised controlled trial (RCT) of testosterone treatment for the prevention of Type 2 diabetes in men aged 50–74 years at high risk of developing diabetes. Study participation was promoted via mainstream media—television, newspaper and radio; direct marketing using mass mail-outs, publicly displayed posters and attendance at local events; digital platforms, including Facebook and Google; and online promotions by community organisations and businesses. For each strategy, the resulting number of participants and the direct cost involved were recorded. The staff effort required for each strategy was estimated based on feedback from staff. RESULTS: Of 19,022 men screened for the study, 1007 (5%) were enrolled. The most effective recruitment strategies were targeted radio advertising (accounting for 42% of participants), television news coverage (20%) and mass mail-outs (17%). Other strategies, including radio news, publicly displayed posters, attendance at local events, newspaper advertising, online promotions and Google and Facebook advertising, each accounted for no more than 4% of enrolled participants. Recruitment promotions cost an average of AU$594 per randomised participant. The most cost-effective paid strategy was mass mail-outs by a government health agency (AU$745 per participant). Other paid strategies were more expensive: mail-out by general practitioners (GPs) (AU$1104 per participant), radio advertising (AU$1081) and newspaper advertising (AU$1941). CONCLUSION: Radio advertising, television news coverage and mass mail-outs by a government health agency were the most effective recruitment strategies. Close monitoring of recruitment outcomes and ongoing enhancement of recruitment activities played a central role in recruitment to this RCT. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ANZCTR, ID: ACTRN12612000287831. Registered on 12 March 2012. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-019-3485-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6585027 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65850272019-06-27 Recruitment of men to a multi-centre diabetes prevention trial: an evaluation of traditional and online promotional strategies Bracken, Karen Hague, Wendy Keech, Anthony Conway, Ann Handelsman, David J. Grossmann, Mathis Jesudason, David Stuckey, Bronwyn Yeap, Bu B. Inder, Warrick Allan, Carolyn McLachlan, Robert Robledo, Kristy P. Wittert, Gary Trials Research BACKGROUND: Effective interventions are required to prevent the current rapid increase in the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes. Clinical trials of large-scale interventions to prevent Type 2 diabetes are essential but recruitment is challenging and expensive, and there are limited data regarding the most cost-effective and efficient approaches to recruitment. This paper aims to evaluate the cost and effectiveness of a range of promotional strategies used to recruit men to a large Type 2 diabetes prevention trial. METHODS: An observational study was conducted nested within the Testosterone for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes (T4DM) study, a large, multi-centre randomised controlled trial (RCT) of testosterone treatment for the prevention of Type 2 diabetes in men aged 50–74 years at high risk of developing diabetes. Study participation was promoted via mainstream media—television, newspaper and radio; direct marketing using mass mail-outs, publicly displayed posters and attendance at local events; digital platforms, including Facebook and Google; and online promotions by community organisations and businesses. For each strategy, the resulting number of participants and the direct cost involved were recorded. The staff effort required for each strategy was estimated based on feedback from staff. RESULTS: Of 19,022 men screened for the study, 1007 (5%) were enrolled. The most effective recruitment strategies were targeted radio advertising (accounting for 42% of participants), television news coverage (20%) and mass mail-outs (17%). Other strategies, including radio news, publicly displayed posters, attendance at local events, newspaper advertising, online promotions and Google and Facebook advertising, each accounted for no more than 4% of enrolled participants. Recruitment promotions cost an average of AU$594 per randomised participant. The most cost-effective paid strategy was mass mail-outs by a government health agency (AU$745 per participant). Other paid strategies were more expensive: mail-out by general practitioners (GPs) (AU$1104 per participant), radio advertising (AU$1081) and newspaper advertising (AU$1941). CONCLUSION: Radio advertising, television news coverage and mass mail-outs by a government health agency were the most effective recruitment strategies. Close monitoring of recruitment outcomes and ongoing enhancement of recruitment activities played a central role in recruitment to this RCT. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ANZCTR, ID: ACTRN12612000287831. Registered on 12 March 2012. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-019-3485-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2019-06-19 /pmc/articles/PMC6585027/ /pubmed/31217024 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13063-019-3485-2 Text en © The Author(s). 2019 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Bracken, Karen Hague, Wendy Keech, Anthony Conway, Ann Handelsman, David J. Grossmann, Mathis Jesudason, David Stuckey, Bronwyn Yeap, Bu B. Inder, Warrick Allan, Carolyn McLachlan, Robert Robledo, Kristy P. Wittert, Gary Recruitment of men to a multi-centre diabetes prevention trial: an evaluation of traditional and online promotional strategies |
title | Recruitment of men to a multi-centre diabetes prevention trial: an evaluation of traditional and online promotional strategies |
title_full | Recruitment of men to a multi-centre diabetes prevention trial: an evaluation of traditional and online promotional strategies |
title_fullStr | Recruitment of men to a multi-centre diabetes prevention trial: an evaluation of traditional and online promotional strategies |
title_full_unstemmed | Recruitment of men to a multi-centre diabetes prevention trial: an evaluation of traditional and online promotional strategies |
title_short | Recruitment of men to a multi-centre diabetes prevention trial: an evaluation of traditional and online promotional strategies |
title_sort | recruitment of men to a multi-centre diabetes prevention trial: an evaluation of traditional and online promotional strategies |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6585027/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31217024 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13063-019-3485-2 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT brackenkaren recruitmentofmentoamulticentrediabetespreventiontrialanevaluationoftraditionalandonlinepromotionalstrategies AT haguewendy recruitmentofmentoamulticentrediabetespreventiontrialanevaluationoftraditionalandonlinepromotionalstrategies AT keechanthony recruitmentofmentoamulticentrediabetespreventiontrialanevaluationoftraditionalandonlinepromotionalstrategies AT conwayann recruitmentofmentoamulticentrediabetespreventiontrialanevaluationoftraditionalandonlinepromotionalstrategies AT handelsmandavidj recruitmentofmentoamulticentrediabetespreventiontrialanevaluationoftraditionalandonlinepromotionalstrategies AT grossmannmathis recruitmentofmentoamulticentrediabetespreventiontrialanevaluationoftraditionalandonlinepromotionalstrategies AT jesudasondavid recruitmentofmentoamulticentrediabetespreventiontrialanevaluationoftraditionalandonlinepromotionalstrategies AT stuckeybronwyn recruitmentofmentoamulticentrediabetespreventiontrialanevaluationoftraditionalandonlinepromotionalstrategies AT yeapbub recruitmentofmentoamulticentrediabetespreventiontrialanevaluationoftraditionalandonlinepromotionalstrategies AT inderwarrick recruitmentofmentoamulticentrediabetespreventiontrialanevaluationoftraditionalandonlinepromotionalstrategies AT allancarolyn recruitmentofmentoamulticentrediabetespreventiontrialanevaluationoftraditionalandonlinepromotionalstrategies AT mclachlanrobert recruitmentofmentoamulticentrediabetespreventiontrialanevaluationoftraditionalandonlinepromotionalstrategies AT robledokristyp recruitmentofmentoamulticentrediabetespreventiontrialanevaluationoftraditionalandonlinepromotionalstrategies AT wittertgary recruitmentofmentoamulticentrediabetespreventiontrialanevaluationoftraditionalandonlinepromotionalstrategies |