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Nicotinamide as Independent Variable for Intelligence, Fertility, and Health: Origin of Human Creative Explosions?
Meat and nicotinamide acquisition was a defining force during the 2-million-year evolution of the big brains necessary for, anatomically modern, Homo sapiens to survive. Our next move was down the food chain during the Mesolithic ‘broad spectrum’, then horticultural, followed by the Neolithic agricu...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
SAGE Publications
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6585247/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31258332 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178646919855944 |
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author | Williams, Adrian C Hill, Lisa J |
author_facet | Williams, Adrian C Hill, Lisa J |
author_sort | Williams, Adrian C |
collection | PubMed |
description | Meat and nicotinamide acquisition was a defining force during the 2-million-year evolution of the big brains necessary for, anatomically modern, Homo sapiens to survive. Our next move was down the food chain during the Mesolithic ‘broad spectrum’, then horticultural, followed by the Neolithic agricultural revolutions and progressively lower average ‘doses’ of nicotinamide. We speculate that a fertility crisis and population bottleneck around 40 000 years ago, at the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, was overcome by Homo (but not the Neanderthals) by concerted dietary change plus profertility genes and intense sexual selection culminating in behaviourally modern Homo sapiens. Increased reliance on the ‘de novo’ synthesis of nicotinamide from tryptophan conditioned the immune system to welcome symbionts, such as TB (that excrete nicotinamide), and to increase tolerance of the foetus and thereby fertility. The trade-offs during the warmer Holocene were physical and mental stunting and more infectious diseases and population booms and busts. Higher nicotinamide exposure could be responsible for recent demographic and epidemiological transitions to lower fertility and higher longevity, but with more degenerative and auto-immune disease. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6585247 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | SAGE Publications |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65852472019-06-28 Nicotinamide as Independent Variable for Intelligence, Fertility, and Health: Origin of Human Creative Explosions? Williams, Adrian C Hill, Lisa J Int J Tryptophan Res Review Meat and nicotinamide acquisition was a defining force during the 2-million-year evolution of the big brains necessary for, anatomically modern, Homo sapiens to survive. Our next move was down the food chain during the Mesolithic ‘broad spectrum’, then horticultural, followed by the Neolithic agricultural revolutions and progressively lower average ‘doses’ of nicotinamide. We speculate that a fertility crisis and population bottleneck around 40 000 years ago, at the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, was overcome by Homo (but not the Neanderthals) by concerted dietary change plus profertility genes and intense sexual selection culminating in behaviourally modern Homo sapiens. Increased reliance on the ‘de novo’ synthesis of nicotinamide from tryptophan conditioned the immune system to welcome symbionts, such as TB (that excrete nicotinamide), and to increase tolerance of the foetus and thereby fertility. The trade-offs during the warmer Holocene were physical and mental stunting and more infectious diseases and population booms and busts. Higher nicotinamide exposure could be responsible for recent demographic and epidemiological transitions to lower fertility and higher longevity, but with more degenerative and auto-immune disease. SAGE Publications 2019-06-19 /pmc/articles/PMC6585247/ /pubmed/31258332 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178646919855944 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). |
spellingShingle | Review Williams, Adrian C Hill, Lisa J Nicotinamide as Independent Variable for Intelligence, Fertility, and Health: Origin of Human Creative Explosions? |
title | Nicotinamide as Independent Variable for Intelligence, Fertility, and Health: Origin of Human Creative Explosions? |
title_full | Nicotinamide as Independent Variable for Intelligence, Fertility, and Health: Origin of Human Creative Explosions? |
title_fullStr | Nicotinamide as Independent Variable for Intelligence, Fertility, and Health: Origin of Human Creative Explosions? |
title_full_unstemmed | Nicotinamide as Independent Variable for Intelligence, Fertility, and Health: Origin of Human Creative Explosions? |
title_short | Nicotinamide as Independent Variable for Intelligence, Fertility, and Health: Origin of Human Creative Explosions? |
title_sort | nicotinamide as independent variable for intelligence, fertility, and health: origin of human creative explosions? |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6585247/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31258332 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178646919855944 |
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