A birch sublingual allergy immunotherapy tablet reduces rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms when exposed to birch and oak and induces IgG(4) to allergens from all trees in the birch homologous group

BACKGROUND: This randomized, double‐blind trial was conducted to determine the optimal dose for clinical efficacy of the SQ tree SLIT‐tablet. An environmental exposure chamber (EEC) was used to reduce variability of allergen exposure and allow investigation of symptom reduction towards different species from the birch homologous group in separate EEC sessions. METHODS: Eligible subjects (N = 219) were randomized to receive treatment with placebo or the SQ tree SLIT‐tablet (2, 7, or 12 DU) for 24 weeks. EEC pollen challenges were conducted outside the birch pollen season and included four birch and two oak EEC sessions. The primary efficacy endpoint was the average allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) total symptom score (TSS) after 24 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: There was a statistically significantly lower TSS during the 24‐week birch EEC session for 7 DU and 12 DU compared to placebo with relative differences of 24% (P = 0.03) and 25% (P = 0.02). For the 24‐week oak EEC session, there was a statistically significant difference for 12 DU (24%, P = 0.03). IgE and IgG4 measurements supported these findings and demonstrated cross‐reactivity to all other species within the birch homologous group. Treatment was well‐tolerated with the most frequently reported adverse reactions being the local reactions in the oral cavity of mild‐to‐moderate severity. CONCLUSION: This trial demonstrates that the SQ tree SLIT‐tablet reduce ARC symptoms triggered by birch or oak pollen. The optimal dose for further development was 12 DU. Clinical and immunological findings suggest that the tablet may be used to treat allergies to all species within the birch homologous group.