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Hepatitis A virus seroprevalence in South Africa - Estimates using routine laboratory data, 2005–2015
INTRODUCTION: South Africa is considered highly endemic for hepatitis A virus (HAV) although few seroprevalence studies have been conducted over the past two decades. The World Health Organization recommends integrating HAV vaccination into national childhood immunization schedules where there is tr...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6594585/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31242191 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216033 |
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author | Haeri Mazanderani, Ahmad Motaze, Nkengafac Villyen McCarthy, Kerrigan Suchard, Melinda du Plessis, Nicolette Marie |
author_facet | Haeri Mazanderani, Ahmad Motaze, Nkengafac Villyen McCarthy, Kerrigan Suchard, Melinda du Plessis, Nicolette Marie |
author_sort | Haeri Mazanderani, Ahmad |
collection | PubMed |
description | INTRODUCTION: South Africa is considered highly endemic for hepatitis A virus (HAV) although few seroprevalence studies have been conducted over the past two decades. The World Health Organization recommends integrating HAV vaccination into national childhood immunization schedules where there is transition from high to intermediate endemicity. As a means of gauging age-specific rates of infection, we report HAV seroprevalence rates among specimens tested for HAV serology within South Africa’s public health sector from 2005–2015. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hepatitis A serology results (Anti-HAV IgM, IgG and total antibody) from 2005–2015 were extracted from South Africa’s National Health Laboratory Service’s Corporate Data Warehouse (NHLS CDW), the central data repository of all laboratory test-sets within the public health sector. Results were extracted according to test-set, result, date of testing, health facility, name, surname, age, and sex. Anti-HAV IgG results were merged with total antibody results to reflect anti-HAV seroprevalence. Testing volume, positivity rates and age-specific anti-HAV seroprevalence rates by year and geographic distribution are described. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A total of 501 083 HAV IgM results were retrieved, of which 16 423 (3.3%) were positive, 484 259 (96.6%) negative and 401 (0.1%) equivocal; and 34 710 HAV total antibody/IgG tests of which 30 675 (88.4%) were positive, 4 020 (11.6%) negative and 15 equivocal. Whereas IgM positivity was highest among the 1–4 year age group (33.5%) and lowest among patients >45 years (<0.5%), total antibody positivity ranged from its lowest level of 52.7% in the 1–4 year age group increasing to levels of >90% only after 25 years of age. CONCLUSION: Anti-HAV total antibody testing within the South African public health sector demonstrates seroprevalence rates reach levels >90% only in adulthood, suggesting South Africa could be in transition from high to intermediate endemicity. Prospective studies with geographically representative sampling are required to confirm these findings and evaluate provincial and urban/rural heterogeneity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6594585 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65945852019-07-05 Hepatitis A virus seroprevalence in South Africa - Estimates using routine laboratory data, 2005–2015 Haeri Mazanderani, Ahmad Motaze, Nkengafac Villyen McCarthy, Kerrigan Suchard, Melinda du Plessis, Nicolette Marie PLoS One Research Article INTRODUCTION: South Africa is considered highly endemic for hepatitis A virus (HAV) although few seroprevalence studies have been conducted over the past two decades. The World Health Organization recommends integrating HAV vaccination into national childhood immunization schedules where there is transition from high to intermediate endemicity. As a means of gauging age-specific rates of infection, we report HAV seroprevalence rates among specimens tested for HAV serology within South Africa’s public health sector from 2005–2015. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hepatitis A serology results (Anti-HAV IgM, IgG and total antibody) from 2005–2015 were extracted from South Africa’s National Health Laboratory Service’s Corporate Data Warehouse (NHLS CDW), the central data repository of all laboratory test-sets within the public health sector. Results were extracted according to test-set, result, date of testing, health facility, name, surname, age, and sex. Anti-HAV IgG results were merged with total antibody results to reflect anti-HAV seroprevalence. Testing volume, positivity rates and age-specific anti-HAV seroprevalence rates by year and geographic distribution are described. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A total of 501 083 HAV IgM results were retrieved, of which 16 423 (3.3%) were positive, 484 259 (96.6%) negative and 401 (0.1%) equivocal; and 34 710 HAV total antibody/IgG tests of which 30 675 (88.4%) were positive, 4 020 (11.6%) negative and 15 equivocal. Whereas IgM positivity was highest among the 1–4 year age group (33.5%) and lowest among patients >45 years (<0.5%), total antibody positivity ranged from its lowest level of 52.7% in the 1–4 year age group increasing to levels of >90% only after 25 years of age. CONCLUSION: Anti-HAV total antibody testing within the South African public health sector demonstrates seroprevalence rates reach levels >90% only in adulthood, suggesting South Africa could be in transition from high to intermediate endemicity. Prospective studies with geographically representative sampling are required to confirm these findings and evaluate provincial and urban/rural heterogeneity. Public Library of Science 2019-06-26 /pmc/articles/PMC6594585/ /pubmed/31242191 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216033 Text en © 2019 Haeri Mazanderani et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Haeri Mazanderani, Ahmad Motaze, Nkengafac Villyen McCarthy, Kerrigan Suchard, Melinda du Plessis, Nicolette Marie Hepatitis A virus seroprevalence in South Africa - Estimates using routine laboratory data, 2005–2015 |
title | Hepatitis A virus seroprevalence in South Africa - Estimates using routine laboratory data, 2005–2015 |
title_full | Hepatitis A virus seroprevalence in South Africa - Estimates using routine laboratory data, 2005–2015 |
title_fullStr | Hepatitis A virus seroprevalence in South Africa - Estimates using routine laboratory data, 2005–2015 |
title_full_unstemmed | Hepatitis A virus seroprevalence in South Africa - Estimates using routine laboratory data, 2005–2015 |
title_short | Hepatitis A virus seroprevalence in South Africa - Estimates using routine laboratory data, 2005–2015 |
title_sort | hepatitis a virus seroprevalence in south africa - estimates using routine laboratory data, 2005–2015 |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6594585/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31242191 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216033 |
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