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Insights into Hypoxia: Non-invasive Assessment through Imaging Modalities and Its Application in Breast Cancer
Oxygen is crucial to maintain the homeostasis in aerobic cells. Hypoxia is a condition in which cells are deprived of the oxygen supply necessary for their optimum performance. Whereas oxygen deprivation may occur in normal physiological processes, hypoxia is frequently associated with pathological...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Korean Breast Cancer Society
2019
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6597408/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31281720 http://dx.doi.org/10.4048/jbc.2019.22.e26 |
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author | Daimiel, Isaac |
author_facet | Daimiel, Isaac |
author_sort | Daimiel, Isaac |
collection | PubMed |
description | Oxygen is crucial to maintain the homeostasis in aerobic cells. Hypoxia is a condition in which cells are deprived of the oxygen supply necessary for their optimum performance. Whereas oxygen deprivation may occur in normal physiological processes, hypoxia is frequently associated with pathological conditions. It has been identified as a stressor in the tumor microenvironment, acting as a key mediator of cancer development. Numerous pathways are activated in hypoxic cells that affect cell signaling and gene regulation to promote the survival of these cells by stimulating angiogenesis, switching cellular metabolism, slowing their growth rate, and preventing apoptosis. The induction of dysregulated metabolism in cancer cells by hypoxia results in aggressive tumor phenotypes that are characterized by rapid progression, treatment resistance, and poor prognosis. A non-invasive assessment of hypoxia-induced metabolic and architectural changes in tumors is advisable to fully improve breast cancer (BC) patient management, by potentially reducing the need for invasive biopsy procedures and evaluating tumor response to treatment. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular changes in breast tumors secondary to hypoxia and the non-invasive imaging alternatives to evaluate oxygen deprivation, with an emphasis on their application in BC and the advantages and limitations of the currently available techniques. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6597408 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Korean Breast Cancer Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65974082019-07-05 Insights into Hypoxia: Non-invasive Assessment through Imaging Modalities and Its Application in Breast Cancer Daimiel, Isaac J Breast Cancer Review Article Oxygen is crucial to maintain the homeostasis in aerobic cells. Hypoxia is a condition in which cells are deprived of the oxygen supply necessary for their optimum performance. Whereas oxygen deprivation may occur in normal physiological processes, hypoxia is frequently associated with pathological conditions. It has been identified as a stressor in the tumor microenvironment, acting as a key mediator of cancer development. Numerous pathways are activated in hypoxic cells that affect cell signaling and gene regulation to promote the survival of these cells by stimulating angiogenesis, switching cellular metabolism, slowing their growth rate, and preventing apoptosis. The induction of dysregulated metabolism in cancer cells by hypoxia results in aggressive tumor phenotypes that are characterized by rapid progression, treatment resistance, and poor prognosis. A non-invasive assessment of hypoxia-induced metabolic and architectural changes in tumors is advisable to fully improve breast cancer (BC) patient management, by potentially reducing the need for invasive biopsy procedures and evaluating tumor response to treatment. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular changes in breast tumors secondary to hypoxia and the non-invasive imaging alternatives to evaluate oxygen deprivation, with an emphasis on their application in BC and the advantages and limitations of the currently available techniques. Korean Breast Cancer Society 2019-05-13 /pmc/articles/PMC6597408/ /pubmed/31281720 http://dx.doi.org/10.4048/jbc.2019.22.e26 Text en © 2019 Korean Breast Cancer Society https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Daimiel, Isaac Insights into Hypoxia: Non-invasive Assessment through Imaging Modalities and Its Application in Breast Cancer |
title | Insights into Hypoxia: Non-invasive Assessment through Imaging Modalities and Its Application in Breast Cancer |
title_full | Insights into Hypoxia: Non-invasive Assessment through Imaging Modalities and Its Application in Breast Cancer |
title_fullStr | Insights into Hypoxia: Non-invasive Assessment through Imaging Modalities and Its Application in Breast Cancer |
title_full_unstemmed | Insights into Hypoxia: Non-invasive Assessment through Imaging Modalities and Its Application in Breast Cancer |
title_short | Insights into Hypoxia: Non-invasive Assessment through Imaging Modalities and Its Application in Breast Cancer |
title_sort | insights into hypoxia: non-invasive assessment through imaging modalities and its application in breast cancer |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6597408/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31281720 http://dx.doi.org/10.4048/jbc.2019.22.e26 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT daimielisaac insightsintohypoxianoninvasiveassessmentthroughimagingmodalitiesanditsapplicationinbreastcancer |