A Case of Miscarriage Caused by a Small Uterus following Childhood Chemotherapy

A majority of miscarriages have been thought to be caused by fertile ovum abnormalities; however, our findings suggest that a small uterus can also potentially cause miscarriage. There are no reports on the association between a small uterus and miscarriage. A woman in her late 20s, whose medical history revealed childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia, which progressed to remission after chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and bone marrow transplantation. Ultrasound revealed no ovarian follicles in either of the ovaries and small uterus (length, 32 mm) In cycle 15, after ovum collection, frozen embryos with Veeck's classification of G3b9 were obtained. Embryo transplantation was performed during the hormone replacement cycle, resulting in pregnancy. On day 5 of gestational week 18, the patient experienced mild lower abdominal pain, and she underwent a spontaneous delivery.