Tracking Foot Drop Recovery Following Lumbar-Spine Surgery, Applying Multiclass Gait Classification Using Machine Learning Techniques

The ability to accurately perform human gait evaluation is critical for orthopedic foot and ankle surgeons in tracking the recovery process of their patients. The assessment of gait in an objective and accurate manner can lead to improvement in diagnoses, treatments, and recovery. Currently, visual inspection is the most common clinical method for evaluating the gait, but this method can be subjective and inaccurate. The aim of this study is to evaluate the foot drop condition in an accurate and clinically applicable manner. The gait data were collected from 56 patients suffering from foot drop with L5 origin gathered via a system based on inertial measurement unit sensors at different stages of surgical treatment. Various machine learning (ML) algorithms were applied to categorize the data into specific groups associated with the recovery stages. The results revealed that the random forest algorithm performed best out of the selected ML algorithms, with an overall 84.89% classification accuracy and 0.3785 mean absolute error for regression.