Cargando…
Out-Of-Pocket Expenditures on Dental Care for Schoolchildren Aged 6 to 12 Years: A Cross-Sectional Estimate in a Less-Developed Country Setting
Aim: The objective of this study was to estimate the Out-Of-Pocket Expenditures (OOPEs) incurred by households on dental care, as well as to analyze the sociodemographic, economic, and oral health factors associated with such expenditures. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 763 scho...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6603907/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31195612 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111997 |
_version_ | 1783431609057280000 |
---|---|
author | Medina-Solís, Carlo Eduardo Ávila-Burgos, Leticia Márquez-Corona, María de Lourdes Medina-Solís, June Janette Lucas-Rincón, Salvador Eduardo Borges-Yañez, Socorro Aida Fernández-Barrera, Miguel Ángel Pontigo-Loyola, América Patricia Maupomé, Gerardo |
author_facet | Medina-Solís, Carlo Eduardo Ávila-Burgos, Leticia Márquez-Corona, María de Lourdes Medina-Solís, June Janette Lucas-Rincón, Salvador Eduardo Borges-Yañez, Socorro Aida Fernández-Barrera, Miguel Ángel Pontigo-Loyola, América Patricia Maupomé, Gerardo |
author_sort | Medina-Solís, Carlo Eduardo |
collection | PubMed |
description | Aim: The objective of this study was to estimate the Out-Of-Pocket Expenditures (OOPEs) incurred by households on dental care, as well as to analyze the sociodemographic, economic, and oral health factors associated with such expenditures. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 763 schoolchildren in Mexico. A questionnaire was distributed to parents to determine the variables related to OOPEs on dental care. The amounts were updated in 2017 in Mexican pesos and later converted to 2017 international dollars (purchasing power parities–PPP US $). Multivariate models were created: a linear regression model (which modeled the amount of OOPEs), and a logistic regression model (which modeled the likelihood of incurring OOPEs). Results: The OOPEs on dental care for the 763 schoolchildren were PPP US $53,578, averaging a PPP of US $70.2 ± 123.7 per child. Disbursements for treatment were the principal item within the OOPEs. The factors associated with OOPEs were the child’s age, number of dental visits, previous dental pain, main reason for dental visit, educational level of mother, type of health insurance, household car ownership, and socioeconomic position. Conclusions: The average cost of dental care was PPP US $70.2 ± 123.7. Our study shows that households with higher school-aged children exhibiting the highest report of dental morbidity—as well as those without insurance—face the highest OOPEs. An array of variables were associated with higher expenditures. In general, higher-income households spent more on dental care. However, the present study did not estimate unmet needs across the socioeconomic gradient, and thus, future research is needed to fully ascertain disease burden. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6603907 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-66039072019-07-17 Out-Of-Pocket Expenditures on Dental Care for Schoolchildren Aged 6 to 12 Years: A Cross-Sectional Estimate in a Less-Developed Country Setting Medina-Solís, Carlo Eduardo Ávila-Burgos, Leticia Márquez-Corona, María de Lourdes Medina-Solís, June Janette Lucas-Rincón, Salvador Eduardo Borges-Yañez, Socorro Aida Fernández-Barrera, Miguel Ángel Pontigo-Loyola, América Patricia Maupomé, Gerardo Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Aim: The objective of this study was to estimate the Out-Of-Pocket Expenditures (OOPEs) incurred by households on dental care, as well as to analyze the sociodemographic, economic, and oral health factors associated with such expenditures. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 763 schoolchildren in Mexico. A questionnaire was distributed to parents to determine the variables related to OOPEs on dental care. The amounts were updated in 2017 in Mexican pesos and later converted to 2017 international dollars (purchasing power parities–PPP US $). Multivariate models were created: a linear regression model (which modeled the amount of OOPEs), and a logistic regression model (which modeled the likelihood of incurring OOPEs). Results: The OOPEs on dental care for the 763 schoolchildren were PPP US $53,578, averaging a PPP of US $70.2 ± 123.7 per child. Disbursements for treatment were the principal item within the OOPEs. The factors associated with OOPEs were the child’s age, number of dental visits, previous dental pain, main reason for dental visit, educational level of mother, type of health insurance, household car ownership, and socioeconomic position. Conclusions: The average cost of dental care was PPP US $70.2 ± 123.7. Our study shows that households with higher school-aged children exhibiting the highest report of dental morbidity—as well as those without insurance—face the highest OOPEs. An array of variables were associated with higher expenditures. In general, higher-income households spent more on dental care. However, the present study did not estimate unmet needs across the socioeconomic gradient, and thus, future research is needed to fully ascertain disease burden. MDPI 2019-06-05 2019-06 /pmc/articles/PMC6603907/ /pubmed/31195612 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111997 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Medina-Solís, Carlo Eduardo Ávila-Burgos, Leticia Márquez-Corona, María de Lourdes Medina-Solís, June Janette Lucas-Rincón, Salvador Eduardo Borges-Yañez, Socorro Aida Fernández-Barrera, Miguel Ángel Pontigo-Loyola, América Patricia Maupomé, Gerardo Out-Of-Pocket Expenditures on Dental Care for Schoolchildren Aged 6 to 12 Years: A Cross-Sectional Estimate in a Less-Developed Country Setting |
title | Out-Of-Pocket Expenditures on Dental Care for Schoolchildren Aged 6 to 12 Years: A Cross-Sectional Estimate in a Less-Developed Country Setting |
title_full | Out-Of-Pocket Expenditures on Dental Care for Schoolchildren Aged 6 to 12 Years: A Cross-Sectional Estimate in a Less-Developed Country Setting |
title_fullStr | Out-Of-Pocket Expenditures on Dental Care for Schoolchildren Aged 6 to 12 Years: A Cross-Sectional Estimate in a Less-Developed Country Setting |
title_full_unstemmed | Out-Of-Pocket Expenditures on Dental Care for Schoolchildren Aged 6 to 12 Years: A Cross-Sectional Estimate in a Less-Developed Country Setting |
title_short | Out-Of-Pocket Expenditures on Dental Care for Schoolchildren Aged 6 to 12 Years: A Cross-Sectional Estimate in a Less-Developed Country Setting |
title_sort | out-of-pocket expenditures on dental care for schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years: a cross-sectional estimate in a less-developed country setting |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6603907/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31195612 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111997 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT medinasoliscarloeduardo outofpocketexpendituresondentalcareforschoolchildrenaged6to12yearsacrosssectionalestimateinalessdevelopedcountrysetting AT avilaburgosleticia outofpocketexpendituresondentalcareforschoolchildrenaged6to12yearsacrosssectionalestimateinalessdevelopedcountrysetting AT marquezcoronamariadelourdes outofpocketexpendituresondentalcareforschoolchildrenaged6to12yearsacrosssectionalestimateinalessdevelopedcountrysetting AT medinasolisjunejanette outofpocketexpendituresondentalcareforschoolchildrenaged6to12yearsacrosssectionalestimateinalessdevelopedcountrysetting AT lucasrinconsalvadoreduardo outofpocketexpendituresondentalcareforschoolchildrenaged6to12yearsacrosssectionalestimateinalessdevelopedcountrysetting AT borgesyanezsocorroaida outofpocketexpendituresondentalcareforschoolchildrenaged6to12yearsacrosssectionalestimateinalessdevelopedcountrysetting AT fernandezbarreramiguelangel outofpocketexpendituresondentalcareforschoolchildrenaged6to12yearsacrosssectionalestimateinalessdevelopedcountrysetting AT pontigoloyolaamericapatricia outofpocketexpendituresondentalcareforschoolchildrenaged6to12yearsacrosssectionalestimateinalessdevelopedcountrysetting AT maupomegerardo outofpocketexpendituresondentalcareforschoolchildrenaged6to12yearsacrosssectionalestimateinalessdevelopedcountrysetting |