LAPRA-TY for laparoscopic repair of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia without intracorporeal knot tying

CASE PRESENTATION: A 38-year-old man was brought in by ambulance as a trauma activation after sustaining a self-inflicted stab wound in the left upper quadrant with a kitchen knife. His primary survey was unremarkable and his vital signs were normal. Secondary survey revealed a 2 cm transverse stab wound inferior and medial to the left nipple. Extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) did not show intra-abdominal or pericardial fluid and chest X-ray did not show a definite pneumothorax or hemothorax. WHAT WOULD YOU DO? A. Wound exploration at bedside. B. Admit for observation and serial examinations. C. Exploratory laparotomy and open repair of traumatic diaphragmatic injury (TDI). D. Thoracotomy and open repair of TDI. E. Diagnostic laparoscopy and laparoscopic repair of TDI.