Prognostic significance of contactin 3 expression and associated genes in glioblastoma multiforme

Contactin 3 (CNTN3) is a member of the contactin family that is primarily expressed in the nervous system. However, to the best of our knowledge, expression of contactin and its role in the development and progression of brain tumours has not been studied. Although glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumour, advances in therapeutic options for patients with GBM have been modest due to an incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying development and progression. The aim of the present study was to examine the correlation between CNTN3 and its associated genes and the clinical outcome in patients with GBM. CNTN3 and the expression levels of associated genes were analysed in GBM datasets obtained from the SAGE Anatomical viewer website, Gene Expression Omnibus, Oncomine and The Cancer Genome Atlas. CNTN3 was significantly downregulated in patients with GBM. Subsequently, the expression of CNTN3 was further validated using immunohistochemistry in a cohort of GBM specimens. The immunohistochemistry results were consistent with the in silico analyses. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that patients with lower expression levels of CNTN3 had a significantly shorter overall survival (OS) time compared with patients with higher levels of CNTN3 expression. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses demonstrated that CNTN3 expression was an independent prognostic indicator in patients with GBM. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis revealed that CNTN3 was associated with the receptor tyrosine-protein kinase (ErbB) signalling pathway. In the ErbB signalling pathway, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was negatively correlated with CNTN3. Taken together, these data suggest that lower expression levels of CNTN3 may be an independent biomarker that predicts poor OS time in patients with GBM, and that EGFR expression in the ErbB pathway may be associated with CNTN3 expression.