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Measles outbreak investigation in an urban slum of Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria, March 2015

INTRODUCTION: Despite availability of an effective vaccine, the measles epidemic continue to occur in Nigeria. In February 2015, we investigated a suspected measles outbreak in an urban slum in Rigasa, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The study was to confirm the outbreak, determine the risk factors and imple...

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Autores principales: Babalola, Obafemi Joseph, Ibrahim, Ismaila Nda, Kusfa, Ibrahim Usman, Gidado, Saheed, Nguku, Patrick, Olayinka, Adebola, Abubakar, Aisha
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The African Field Epidemiology Network 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6607246/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31303921
http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2019.32.150.15764
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author Babalola, Obafemi Joseph
Ibrahim, Ismaila Nda
Kusfa, Ibrahim Usman
Gidado, Saheed
Nguku, Patrick
Olayinka, Adebola
Abubakar, Aisha
author_facet Babalola, Obafemi Joseph
Ibrahim, Ismaila Nda
Kusfa, Ibrahim Usman
Gidado, Saheed
Nguku, Patrick
Olayinka, Adebola
Abubakar, Aisha
author_sort Babalola, Obafemi Joseph
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: Despite availability of an effective vaccine, the measles epidemic continue to occur in Nigeria. In February 2015, we investigated a suspected measles outbreak in an urban slum in Rigasa, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The study was to confirm the outbreak, determine the risk factors and implement appropriate control measures. METHODS: We identified cases through active search and health record review. We conducted an unmatched case-control (1:1) study involving 75 under-5 cases who were randomly sampled, and 75 neighborhood controls. We interviewed caregivers of these children using structured questionnaire to collect information on sociodemographic characteristics and vaccination status of children. We collected 15 blood samples for measles IgM using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Descriptive, bivariate and logistic regression analyses were performed using Epi-info software. Confidence interval was set at 95%. RESULTS: We recorded 159 cases with two deaths {case fatality rate = 1.3%}. 50.3% (80) of the cases were male. Of the 15 serum samples, 11(73.3%) were confirmed IgM positive for measles. Compared to the controls, the cases were more likely to have had no or incomplete routine immunization (RI) [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) (95% confidence interval (CI)]: 28.3 (2.1, 392.0), contact with measles cases [AOR (95% CI)]: 7.5 (2.9, 19.7), and having a caregiver younger than 20 years [AOR (95% CI)]: 5.2 (1.2, 22.5). Measles serum IgM was positive in 11 samples. CONCLUSION: We identified low RI uptake and contact with measles cases as predictors of measles outbreak in Rigasa, Kaduna State. We recommended strengthening of RI and education of care-givers' on completing RI schedule.
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spelling pubmed-66072462019-07-12 Measles outbreak investigation in an urban slum of Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria, March 2015 Babalola, Obafemi Joseph Ibrahim, Ismaila Nda Kusfa, Ibrahim Usman Gidado, Saheed Nguku, Patrick Olayinka, Adebola Abubakar, Aisha Pan Afr Med J Research INTRODUCTION: Despite availability of an effective vaccine, the measles epidemic continue to occur in Nigeria. In February 2015, we investigated a suspected measles outbreak in an urban slum in Rigasa, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The study was to confirm the outbreak, determine the risk factors and implement appropriate control measures. METHODS: We identified cases through active search and health record review. We conducted an unmatched case-control (1:1) study involving 75 under-5 cases who were randomly sampled, and 75 neighborhood controls. We interviewed caregivers of these children using structured questionnaire to collect information on sociodemographic characteristics and vaccination status of children. We collected 15 blood samples for measles IgM using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Descriptive, bivariate and logistic regression analyses were performed using Epi-info software. Confidence interval was set at 95%. RESULTS: We recorded 159 cases with two deaths {case fatality rate = 1.3%}. 50.3% (80) of the cases were male. Of the 15 serum samples, 11(73.3%) were confirmed IgM positive for measles. Compared to the controls, the cases were more likely to have had no or incomplete routine immunization (RI) [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) (95% confidence interval (CI)]: 28.3 (2.1, 392.0), contact with measles cases [AOR (95% CI)]: 7.5 (2.9, 19.7), and having a caregiver younger than 20 years [AOR (95% CI)]: 5.2 (1.2, 22.5). Measles serum IgM was positive in 11 samples. CONCLUSION: We identified low RI uptake and contact with measles cases as predictors of measles outbreak in Rigasa, Kaduna State. We recommended strengthening of RI and education of care-givers' on completing RI schedule. The African Field Epidemiology Network 2019-03-28 /pmc/articles/PMC6607246/ /pubmed/31303921 http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2019.32.150.15764 Text en © Obafemi Joseph Babalola et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research
Babalola, Obafemi Joseph
Ibrahim, Ismaila Nda
Kusfa, Ibrahim Usman
Gidado, Saheed
Nguku, Patrick
Olayinka, Adebola
Abubakar, Aisha
Measles outbreak investigation in an urban slum of Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria, March 2015
title Measles outbreak investigation in an urban slum of Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria, March 2015
title_full Measles outbreak investigation in an urban slum of Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria, March 2015
title_fullStr Measles outbreak investigation in an urban slum of Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria, March 2015
title_full_unstemmed Measles outbreak investigation in an urban slum of Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria, March 2015
title_short Measles outbreak investigation in an urban slum of Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria, March 2015
title_sort measles outbreak investigation in an urban slum of kaduna metropolis, kaduna state, nigeria, march 2015
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6607246/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31303921
http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2019.32.150.15764
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