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Growth Hormone and Reproduction: Lessons Learned From Animal Models and Clinical Trials

Growth Hormone (GH) has been considered as a therapeutic option to increase the number of growing follicles during Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) for more than 30 years. In this review the biological rationale for therapeutic GH usage is explained through evidence in animal models, aiming to...

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Autores principales: Dosouto, Carlos, Calaf, Joaquim, Polo, Ana, Haahr, Thor, Humaidan, Peter
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6607366/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31297089
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00404
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author Dosouto, Carlos
Calaf, Joaquim
Polo, Ana
Haahr, Thor
Humaidan, Peter
author_facet Dosouto, Carlos
Calaf, Joaquim
Polo, Ana
Haahr, Thor
Humaidan, Peter
author_sort Dosouto, Carlos
collection PubMed
description Growth Hormone (GH) has been considered as a therapeutic option to increase the number of growing follicles during Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) for more than 30 years. In this review the biological rationale for therapeutic GH usage is explained through evidence in animal models, aiming to put this into a clinical context. First, we explain the GH—Insulin like Growth Factor (IGF)-1—gonadal axis and its role in reproduction. Evidence suggests that GH can stimulate the secretion of IGF1 not only in the liver but also in the peripheral target structures, including the ovary. Moreover, IGF-1 can be secreted locally under the influence of stimuli other than GH. In the case of the ovary, steroid hormones, gonadotropins or the combination of both seems to be involved. Even more interesting, the ovary itself can secret GH locally and exert a paracrine action modulating the intracellular signaling pathway of GH, i.e., not by the systemic pathway where GH binds to the extracellular domain of the GH receptor. Finally, these aspects from animal models are put into clinical perspective by discussing results and shortcomings of studies and meta-analyses in order to put forth the state-of-the-art rationale for therapeutic GH usage in modern ART.
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spelling pubmed-66073662019-07-11 Growth Hormone and Reproduction: Lessons Learned From Animal Models and Clinical Trials Dosouto, Carlos Calaf, Joaquim Polo, Ana Haahr, Thor Humaidan, Peter Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Endocrinology Growth Hormone (GH) has been considered as a therapeutic option to increase the number of growing follicles during Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) for more than 30 years. In this review the biological rationale for therapeutic GH usage is explained through evidence in animal models, aiming to put this into a clinical context. First, we explain the GH—Insulin like Growth Factor (IGF)-1—gonadal axis and its role in reproduction. Evidence suggests that GH can stimulate the secretion of IGF1 not only in the liver but also in the peripheral target structures, including the ovary. Moreover, IGF-1 can be secreted locally under the influence of stimuli other than GH. In the case of the ovary, steroid hormones, gonadotropins or the combination of both seems to be involved. Even more interesting, the ovary itself can secret GH locally and exert a paracrine action modulating the intracellular signaling pathway of GH, i.e., not by the systemic pathway where GH binds to the extracellular domain of the GH receptor. Finally, these aspects from animal models are put into clinical perspective by discussing results and shortcomings of studies and meta-analyses in order to put forth the state-of-the-art rationale for therapeutic GH usage in modern ART. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-06-26 /pmc/articles/PMC6607366/ /pubmed/31297089 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00404 Text en Copyright © 2019 Dosouto, Calaf, Polo, Haahr and Humaidan. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Endocrinology
Dosouto, Carlos
Calaf, Joaquim
Polo, Ana
Haahr, Thor
Humaidan, Peter
Growth Hormone and Reproduction: Lessons Learned From Animal Models and Clinical Trials
title Growth Hormone and Reproduction: Lessons Learned From Animal Models and Clinical Trials
title_full Growth Hormone and Reproduction: Lessons Learned From Animal Models and Clinical Trials
title_fullStr Growth Hormone and Reproduction: Lessons Learned From Animal Models and Clinical Trials
title_full_unstemmed Growth Hormone and Reproduction: Lessons Learned From Animal Models and Clinical Trials
title_short Growth Hormone and Reproduction: Lessons Learned From Animal Models and Clinical Trials
title_sort growth hormone and reproduction: lessons learned from animal models and clinical trials
topic Endocrinology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6607366/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31297089
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00404
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