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A cadaveric study of the morphology of the extensor hallucis longus - a proposal for a new classification

BACKGROUND: Morphological variations of the EHL concern mainly the accessory tendons and the site of their insertion. The aim of our study is to present a new classification of the EHL. METHODS: Classical anatomical dissection was performed on 104 lower limbs (51 right, 53 left, fixed in 10% formali...

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Autores principales: Olewnik, Łukasz, Podgórski, Michał, Polguj, Michał, Ruzik, Kacper, Topol, Mirosław
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6607556/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31266496
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12891-019-2688-8
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author Olewnik, Łukasz
Podgórski, Michał
Polguj, Michał
Ruzik, Kacper
Topol, Mirosław
author_facet Olewnik, Łukasz
Podgórski, Michał
Polguj, Michał
Ruzik, Kacper
Topol, Mirosław
author_sort Olewnik, Łukasz
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Morphological variations of the EHL concern mainly the accessory tendons and the site of their insertion. The aim of our study is to present a new classification of the EHL. METHODS: Classical anatomical dissection was performed on 104 lower limbs (51 right, 53 left, fixed in 10% formalin solution). RESULTS: In the cadavers, three types of morphology (insertion and addidtional band) were observed. Type I, the most common type, was characterized by a single tendon that ends as an extensor hood on the dorsal aspect of the base of the distal phalanx of the big toe (57.7%). Type II was characterized by two distal tendons and was subdivided into three subtypes according to (A-29.9%, B-4.8% and C-5.7%). Type III was characterised by three distal tendons (two cases - 1.9%). CONCLUSION: The EHL presents high morphological variability. Knowledge of particular types of insertion is essential for both clinicians and anatomists. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12891-019-2688-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-66075562019-07-12 A cadaveric study of the morphology of the extensor hallucis longus - a proposal for a new classification Olewnik, Łukasz Podgórski, Michał Polguj, Michał Ruzik, Kacper Topol, Mirosław BMC Musculoskelet Disord Research Article BACKGROUND: Morphological variations of the EHL concern mainly the accessory tendons and the site of their insertion. The aim of our study is to present a new classification of the EHL. METHODS: Classical anatomical dissection was performed on 104 lower limbs (51 right, 53 left, fixed in 10% formalin solution). RESULTS: In the cadavers, three types of morphology (insertion and addidtional band) were observed. Type I, the most common type, was characterized by a single tendon that ends as an extensor hood on the dorsal aspect of the base of the distal phalanx of the big toe (57.7%). Type II was characterized by two distal tendons and was subdivided into three subtypes according to (A-29.9%, B-4.8% and C-5.7%). Type III was characterised by three distal tendons (two cases - 1.9%). CONCLUSION: The EHL presents high morphological variability. Knowledge of particular types of insertion is essential for both clinicians and anatomists. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12891-019-2688-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2019-07-03 /pmc/articles/PMC6607556/ /pubmed/31266496 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12891-019-2688-8 Text en © The Author(s). 2019 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Olewnik, Łukasz
Podgórski, Michał
Polguj, Michał
Ruzik, Kacper
Topol, Mirosław
A cadaveric study of the morphology of the extensor hallucis longus - a proposal for a new classification
title A cadaveric study of the morphology of the extensor hallucis longus - a proposal for a new classification
title_full A cadaveric study of the morphology of the extensor hallucis longus - a proposal for a new classification
title_fullStr A cadaveric study of the morphology of the extensor hallucis longus - a proposal for a new classification
title_full_unstemmed A cadaveric study of the morphology of the extensor hallucis longus - a proposal for a new classification
title_short A cadaveric study of the morphology of the extensor hallucis longus - a proposal for a new classification
title_sort cadaveric study of the morphology of the extensor hallucis longus - a proposal for a new classification
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6607556/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31266496
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12891-019-2688-8
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