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Schistosoma japonicum Soluble Egg Antigen Protects Against Type 2 Diabetes in Lepr(db/db) Mice by Enhancing Regulatory T Cells and Th2 Cytokines
Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by persistently elevated glucose levels. There is no effective treatment strategy for this condition, and it poses a massive economic burden globally. Schistosoma soluble egg antigen (SEA)-induced immunomodulatory mechanisms have been reported in...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6607994/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31297120 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01471 |
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author | Tang, Chun-lian Yu, Xiao-hong Li, Yan Zhang, Rong-hui Xie, Jun Liu, Zhi-ming |
author_facet | Tang, Chun-lian Yu, Xiao-hong Li, Yan Zhang, Rong-hui Xie, Jun Liu, Zhi-ming |
author_sort | Tang, Chun-lian |
collection | PubMed |
description | Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by persistently elevated glucose levels. There is no effective treatment strategy for this condition, and it poses a massive economic burden globally. Schistosoma soluble egg antigen (SEA)-induced immunomodulatory mechanisms have been reported in the treatment of autoimmune disease. This study aimed to determine the ability of Schistosoma japonicum SEA to protect against type 2 diabetes in Lepr(db/db) mice and understand the associated mechanisms. The mice were divided into four groups: C57BL/6 (the normal group), SEA (C57BL/6 mice treated with SEA), Lepr(db/db), and SEA and Lepr(db/db) co-treatment groups. The mice in the SEA and co-treatment groups were injected with 50 μg of SEA (twice a week for 6 weeks), and the same volume of PBS was used as control. Blood glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels were measured in all mice, which were sacrificed 6 weeks after the last SEA administration. Flow cytometry was used to detect the percentages of regulatory T cells in splenocytes. ELISA was used to detect the levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-5 in cell culture supernatants. Compared with the mice in the Lepr(db/db) group, the mice in the SEA + Lepr(db/db) group exhibited significantly reduced insulin resistance, as evidenced by the enhancement of wound healing. The frequency of spleen regulatory T cells increased significantly after SEA administration; meanwhile, the secretion of IL-4 and IL-5 in spleen cells was elevated. These results indicate that SEA can reduce insulin resistance and provide new targets for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The potential mechanisms might be associated with increases in regulatory T cells and Th2 cytokines in Lepr(db/db) mice, which warrants further investigation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6607994 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-66079942019-07-11 Schistosoma japonicum Soluble Egg Antigen Protects Against Type 2 Diabetes in Lepr(db/db) Mice by Enhancing Regulatory T Cells and Th2 Cytokines Tang, Chun-lian Yu, Xiao-hong Li, Yan Zhang, Rong-hui Xie, Jun Liu, Zhi-ming Front Immunol Immunology Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by persistently elevated glucose levels. There is no effective treatment strategy for this condition, and it poses a massive economic burden globally. Schistosoma soluble egg antigen (SEA)-induced immunomodulatory mechanisms have been reported in the treatment of autoimmune disease. This study aimed to determine the ability of Schistosoma japonicum SEA to protect against type 2 diabetes in Lepr(db/db) mice and understand the associated mechanisms. The mice were divided into four groups: C57BL/6 (the normal group), SEA (C57BL/6 mice treated with SEA), Lepr(db/db), and SEA and Lepr(db/db) co-treatment groups. The mice in the SEA and co-treatment groups were injected with 50 μg of SEA (twice a week for 6 weeks), and the same volume of PBS was used as control. Blood glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels were measured in all mice, which were sacrificed 6 weeks after the last SEA administration. Flow cytometry was used to detect the percentages of regulatory T cells in splenocytes. ELISA was used to detect the levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-5 in cell culture supernatants. Compared with the mice in the Lepr(db/db) group, the mice in the SEA + Lepr(db/db) group exhibited significantly reduced insulin resistance, as evidenced by the enhancement of wound healing. The frequency of spleen regulatory T cells increased significantly after SEA administration; meanwhile, the secretion of IL-4 and IL-5 in spleen cells was elevated. These results indicate that SEA can reduce insulin resistance and provide new targets for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The potential mechanisms might be associated with increases in regulatory T cells and Th2 cytokines in Lepr(db/db) mice, which warrants further investigation. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-06-26 /pmc/articles/PMC6607994/ /pubmed/31297120 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01471 Text en Copyright © 2019 Tang, Yu, Li, Zhang, Xie and Liu. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Tang, Chun-lian Yu, Xiao-hong Li, Yan Zhang, Rong-hui Xie, Jun Liu, Zhi-ming Schistosoma japonicum Soluble Egg Antigen Protects Against Type 2 Diabetes in Lepr(db/db) Mice by Enhancing Regulatory T Cells and Th2 Cytokines |
title | Schistosoma japonicum Soluble Egg Antigen Protects Against Type 2 Diabetes in Lepr(db/db) Mice by Enhancing Regulatory T Cells and Th2 Cytokines |
title_full | Schistosoma japonicum Soluble Egg Antigen Protects Against Type 2 Diabetes in Lepr(db/db) Mice by Enhancing Regulatory T Cells and Th2 Cytokines |
title_fullStr | Schistosoma japonicum Soluble Egg Antigen Protects Against Type 2 Diabetes in Lepr(db/db) Mice by Enhancing Regulatory T Cells and Th2 Cytokines |
title_full_unstemmed | Schistosoma japonicum Soluble Egg Antigen Protects Against Type 2 Diabetes in Lepr(db/db) Mice by Enhancing Regulatory T Cells and Th2 Cytokines |
title_short | Schistosoma japonicum Soluble Egg Antigen Protects Against Type 2 Diabetes in Lepr(db/db) Mice by Enhancing Regulatory T Cells and Th2 Cytokines |
title_sort | schistosoma japonicum soluble egg antigen protects against type 2 diabetes in lepr(db/db) mice by enhancing regulatory t cells and th2 cytokines |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6607994/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31297120 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01471 |
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