The First Case of Rowell Syndrome with Lupus Nephritis and Lobar Pneumonia in a Male Child Reported in Pakistan

Rowell syndrome (RS) is a rare entity that presents with lupus erythematosus (LE), erythema multiforme (EM) like lesions and characteristic immunological findings including positive rheumatoid factor (RF), speckled antinuclear antibody (ANA) and positive anti-Ro or anti-La antibodies in the serum. Only a few cases have been reported in the literature, mostly in middle-aged women. Our case is about an 11-year-old male child who had a history of pustular rashes over the whole body with scattered targetoid lesions for the past few months and later developed respiratory distress and swelling of the body. He was extensively investigated and confirmed on specific positive immunochemistry markers as RS along with lobar pneumonia (LP) and lupus nephritis. The co-existence of lobar pneumonia in our patient was a unique feature that has not been previously reported.