Extra-Adrenal Glucocorticoid Synthesis in the Intestinal Mucosa: Between Immune Homeostasis and Immune Escape

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones predominantly produced in the adrenal glands in response to physiological cues and stress. Adrenal GCs mediate potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive functions. Accumulating evidence in the past two decades has demonstrated other extra-adrenal organ...

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Autores principales: Ahmed, Asma, Schmidt, Christian, Brunner, Thomas
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019
Materias:
Immunology
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6611402/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31316505
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01438
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author Ahmed, Asma
Schmidt, Christian
Brunner, Thomas
author_facet Ahmed, Asma
Schmidt, Christian
Brunner, Thomas
author_sort Ahmed, Asma
collection PubMed
description Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones predominantly produced in the adrenal glands in response to physiological cues and stress. Adrenal GCs mediate potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive functions. Accumulating evidence in the past two decades has demonstrated other extra-adrenal organs and tissues capable of synthesizing GCs. This review discusses the role and regulation of GC synthesis in the intestinal epithelium in the regulation of normal immune homeostasis, inflammatory diseases of the intestinal mucosa, and the development of intestinal tumors.
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spelling pubmed-66114022019-07-17 Extra-Adrenal Glucocorticoid Synthesis in the Intestinal Mucosa: Between Immune Homeostasis and Immune Escape Ahmed, Asma Schmidt, Christian Brunner, Thomas Front Immunol Immunology Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones predominantly produced in the adrenal glands in response to physiological cues and stress. Adrenal GCs mediate potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive functions. Accumulating evidence in the past two decades has demonstrated other extra-adrenal organs and tissues capable of synthesizing GCs. This review discusses the role and regulation of GC synthesis in the intestinal epithelium in the regulation of normal immune homeostasis, inflammatory diseases of the intestinal mucosa, and the development of intestinal tumors. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-06-25 /pmc/articles/PMC6611402/ /pubmed/31316505 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01438 Text en Copyright © 2019 Ahmed, Schmidt and Brunner. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Ahmed, Asma
Schmidt, Christian
Brunner, Thomas
Extra-Adrenal Glucocorticoid Synthesis in the Intestinal Mucosa: Between Immune Homeostasis and Immune Escape
title Extra-Adrenal Glucocorticoid Synthesis in the Intestinal Mucosa: Between Immune Homeostasis and Immune Escape
title_full Extra-Adrenal Glucocorticoid Synthesis in the Intestinal Mucosa: Between Immune Homeostasis and Immune Escape
title_fullStr Extra-Adrenal Glucocorticoid Synthesis in the Intestinal Mucosa: Between Immune Homeostasis and Immune Escape
title_full_unstemmed Extra-Adrenal Glucocorticoid Synthesis in the Intestinal Mucosa: Between Immune Homeostasis and Immune Escape
title_short Extra-Adrenal Glucocorticoid Synthesis in the Intestinal Mucosa: Between Immune Homeostasis and Immune Escape
title_sort extra-adrenal glucocorticoid synthesis in the intestinal mucosa: between immune homeostasis and immune escape
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6611402/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31316505
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01438
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AT brunnerthomas extraadrenalglucocorticoidsynthesisintheintestinalmucosabetweenimmunehomeostasisandimmuneescape

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