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Associations of cardiometabolic outcomes with indices of obesity in children aged 5 years and younger
BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity is a world-wide concern due to its growing prevalence and association with cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood and subsequent adult cardiovascular disease. In young pre-school children, there is uncertainty regarding which of the commonly used anthropometric measu...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6611590/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31276512 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218816 |
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author | Teo, Koon K. Rafiq, Talha Anand, Sonia S. Schulze, Karleen M. Yusuf, Salim McDonald, Sarah D. Wahi, Gita Abdalla, Nora Desai, Dipika Atkinson, Stephanie A. Morrison, Katherine M. |
author_facet | Teo, Koon K. Rafiq, Talha Anand, Sonia S. Schulze, Karleen M. Yusuf, Salim McDonald, Sarah D. Wahi, Gita Abdalla, Nora Desai, Dipika Atkinson, Stephanie A. Morrison, Katherine M. |
author_sort | Teo, Koon K. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity is a world-wide concern due to its growing prevalence and association with cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood and subsequent adult cardiovascular disease. In young pre-school children, there is uncertainty regarding which of the commonly used anthropometric measures of childhood obesity is best associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. This study compared the utility of common measures used in identifying obesity in these young children. METHODS: The four commonly used metrics for identifying obesity in children: body fat percentage ≥ 90(th) percentile, waist circumference ≥ 90(th) percentile, BMI z score > 2 SD and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) ≥ 0.5, were measured in a cohort of children born singleton, at full term and followed from birth (n = 761) to 5 years of age (n = 513). The utility of each in identifying cardiometabolic risk factors (fasting lipid profile, fasting blood glucose and blood pressure) was examined. RESULTS: At age 5 years, children with percent body fat ≥ 90(th) percentile or waist circumference ≥ 90(th) percentile, were associated with higher levels of triglycerides, glucose, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures than those < 90(th) percentile, respectively. Such differences were not obvious at age 3 years or at birth. A BMI z-score > 2 SD was associated with higher levels of triglycerides and systolic and diastolic blood pressure but not glucose at age 5 years. Differences in HDL cholesterol, fasting glucose and systolic blood pressure were observed in children with BMI z score > 2 SD at age 3 years but not with the other indices of obesity. As almost all children had WHtR ≥ 0.5 at birth, ages 1 and 3 years, this measure could not differentiate increased cardiometabolic risk. At age 5 years, the differences were much more obvious, with significant differences in triglycerides and systolic and diastolic blood pressures between those with WHtR ≥ 0.5 and those with < 0.5. CONCLUSION: Each of the four commonly used measures of childhood obesity shows moderate associations with cardiometabolic risk factors at 5 years, with no advantage of one measure over the other. These associations were less consistent at 3 years of age or younger. These observations have not been reported previously. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6611590 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-66115902019-07-12 Associations of cardiometabolic outcomes with indices of obesity in children aged 5 years and younger Teo, Koon K. Rafiq, Talha Anand, Sonia S. Schulze, Karleen M. Yusuf, Salim McDonald, Sarah D. Wahi, Gita Abdalla, Nora Desai, Dipika Atkinson, Stephanie A. Morrison, Katherine M. PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity is a world-wide concern due to its growing prevalence and association with cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood and subsequent adult cardiovascular disease. In young pre-school children, there is uncertainty regarding which of the commonly used anthropometric measures of childhood obesity is best associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. This study compared the utility of common measures used in identifying obesity in these young children. METHODS: The four commonly used metrics for identifying obesity in children: body fat percentage ≥ 90(th) percentile, waist circumference ≥ 90(th) percentile, BMI z score > 2 SD and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) ≥ 0.5, were measured in a cohort of children born singleton, at full term and followed from birth (n = 761) to 5 years of age (n = 513). The utility of each in identifying cardiometabolic risk factors (fasting lipid profile, fasting blood glucose and blood pressure) was examined. RESULTS: At age 5 years, children with percent body fat ≥ 90(th) percentile or waist circumference ≥ 90(th) percentile, were associated with higher levels of triglycerides, glucose, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures than those < 90(th) percentile, respectively. Such differences were not obvious at age 3 years or at birth. A BMI z-score > 2 SD was associated with higher levels of triglycerides and systolic and diastolic blood pressure but not glucose at age 5 years. Differences in HDL cholesterol, fasting glucose and systolic blood pressure were observed in children with BMI z score > 2 SD at age 3 years but not with the other indices of obesity. As almost all children had WHtR ≥ 0.5 at birth, ages 1 and 3 years, this measure could not differentiate increased cardiometabolic risk. At age 5 years, the differences were much more obvious, with significant differences in triglycerides and systolic and diastolic blood pressures between those with WHtR ≥ 0.5 and those with < 0.5. CONCLUSION: Each of the four commonly used measures of childhood obesity shows moderate associations with cardiometabolic risk factors at 5 years, with no advantage of one measure over the other. These associations were less consistent at 3 years of age or younger. These observations have not been reported previously. Public Library of Science 2019-07-05 /pmc/articles/PMC6611590/ /pubmed/31276512 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218816 Text en © 2019 Teo et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Teo, Koon K. Rafiq, Talha Anand, Sonia S. Schulze, Karleen M. Yusuf, Salim McDonald, Sarah D. Wahi, Gita Abdalla, Nora Desai, Dipika Atkinson, Stephanie A. Morrison, Katherine M. Associations of cardiometabolic outcomes with indices of obesity in children aged 5 years and younger |
title | Associations of cardiometabolic outcomes with indices of obesity in children aged 5 years and younger |
title_full | Associations of cardiometabolic outcomes with indices of obesity in children aged 5 years and younger |
title_fullStr | Associations of cardiometabolic outcomes with indices of obesity in children aged 5 years and younger |
title_full_unstemmed | Associations of cardiometabolic outcomes with indices of obesity in children aged 5 years and younger |
title_short | Associations of cardiometabolic outcomes with indices of obesity in children aged 5 years and younger |
title_sort | associations of cardiometabolic outcomes with indices of obesity in children aged 5 years and younger |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6611590/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31276512 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218816 |
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