Activation of Saturated Fluorocarbons to Synthesize Spirobiindanes, Monofluoroalkenes, and Indane Derivatives

Fluorinated organic compounds are produced in abundance by the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industry, making such compounds attractive as building blocks for further functionalization. Unfortunately, activation of C(sp(3))-F bond in saturated fluorocarbons, especially for aliphatic gem-difluoroalkanes, remains challenging. Here we describe the selective activation of inert C(sp(3))-F bonds catalyzed by B(C(6)F(5))(3). In hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP), chemically robust aliphatic gem-difluorides are converted in high yields to the corresponding substituted 2,2′,3,3′-tetrahydro-1,1′-spirobiindenes via a B(C(6)F(5))(3)-catalyzed intramolecular cascade Friedel-Crafts cyclization, not requiring a silicon-based trapping reagent. However, in the absence of a hydrogen-bonding donor solvent such as HFIP, the aliphatic gem-difluorides preferentially engage in a defluorination/elimination process that provides monofluorinated alkenes in good yields. Furthermore, a series of substituted 1-alkyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indenes was obtained in high yield from the B(C(6)F(5))(3)-catalyzed defluorinative cyclization of aliphatic secondary monofluorides in HFIP. The protocol could inspire development of a new class of main-group Lewis acid-catalyzed C(sp(3))-F bond activation in general unactivated fluorocarbons.