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CRISPR/Cas9-mediated VDR knockout plays an essential role in the growth of dermal papilla cells through enhanced relative genes

BACKGROUND: Hair follicles in cashmere goats are divided into primary and secondary hair follicles (HFs). HF development, which determines the morphological structure, is regulated by a large number of vital genes; however, the key functional genes and their interaction networks are still unclear. A...

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Autores principales: Gao, Ye, Jin, Miaohan, Niu, Yiyuan, Yan, Hailong, Zhou, Guangxian, Chen, Yulin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: PeerJ Inc. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6612256/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31309000
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7230
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author Gao, Ye
Jin, Miaohan
Niu, Yiyuan
Yan, Hailong
Zhou, Guangxian
Chen, Yulin
author_facet Gao, Ye
Jin, Miaohan
Niu, Yiyuan
Yan, Hailong
Zhou, Guangxian
Chen, Yulin
author_sort Gao, Ye
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Hair follicles in cashmere goats are divided into primary and secondary hair follicles (HFs). HF development, which determines the morphological structure, is regulated by a large number of vital genes; however, the key functional genes and their interaction networks are still unclear. Although the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is related to cashmere goat HF formation, its precise effects are largely unknown. In the present study, we verified the functions of key genes identified in previous studies using hair dermal papilla (DP) cells as an experimental model. Furthermore, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to modify the VDR in DP cells to dissect the molecular mechanism underlying HF formation in cashmere goats. RESULTS: The VDR expression levels in nine tissues of Shaanbei white cashmere goats differed significantly between embryonic day 60 (E60) and embryonic day 120 (E120). At E120, VDR expression was highest in the skin. At the newborn and E120 stages, the VDR protein was highly expressed in the root sheath and hair ball region of Shaanbei cashmere goats. We cloned the complete CDS of VDR in the Shaanbei white cashmere goat and constructed a VDR-deficient DP cell model by CRISPR/Cas9. Heterozygous and homozygous mutant DP cells were produced. The growth rate of mutant DP cells was significantly lower than that of wild-type DP cells (P < 0.05) and VDR mRNA levels in DP cells decreased significantly after VDR knockdown (P < 0.05). Further, the expression levels of VGF, Noggin, Lef1, and β-catenin were significantly downregulated (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that VDR has a vital role in DP cells, and that its effects are mediated by Wnt and BMP4 signaling.
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spelling pubmed-66122562019-07-15 CRISPR/Cas9-mediated VDR knockout plays an essential role in the growth of dermal papilla cells through enhanced relative genes Gao, Ye Jin, Miaohan Niu, Yiyuan Yan, Hailong Zhou, Guangxian Chen, Yulin PeerJ Biotechnology BACKGROUND: Hair follicles in cashmere goats are divided into primary and secondary hair follicles (HFs). HF development, which determines the morphological structure, is regulated by a large number of vital genes; however, the key functional genes and their interaction networks are still unclear. Although the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is related to cashmere goat HF formation, its precise effects are largely unknown. In the present study, we verified the functions of key genes identified in previous studies using hair dermal papilla (DP) cells as an experimental model. Furthermore, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to modify the VDR in DP cells to dissect the molecular mechanism underlying HF formation in cashmere goats. RESULTS: The VDR expression levels in nine tissues of Shaanbei white cashmere goats differed significantly between embryonic day 60 (E60) and embryonic day 120 (E120). At E120, VDR expression was highest in the skin. At the newborn and E120 stages, the VDR protein was highly expressed in the root sheath and hair ball region of Shaanbei cashmere goats. We cloned the complete CDS of VDR in the Shaanbei white cashmere goat and constructed a VDR-deficient DP cell model by CRISPR/Cas9. Heterozygous and homozygous mutant DP cells were produced. The growth rate of mutant DP cells was significantly lower than that of wild-type DP cells (P < 0.05) and VDR mRNA levels in DP cells decreased significantly after VDR knockdown (P < 0.05). Further, the expression levels of VGF, Noggin, Lef1, and β-catenin were significantly downregulated (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that VDR has a vital role in DP cells, and that its effects are mediated by Wnt and BMP4 signaling. PeerJ Inc. 2019-07-03 /pmc/articles/PMC6612256/ /pubmed/31309000 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7230 Text en ©2019 Gao et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
spellingShingle Biotechnology
Gao, Ye
Jin, Miaohan
Niu, Yiyuan
Yan, Hailong
Zhou, Guangxian
Chen, Yulin
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated VDR knockout plays an essential role in the growth of dermal papilla cells through enhanced relative genes
title CRISPR/Cas9-mediated VDR knockout plays an essential role in the growth of dermal papilla cells through enhanced relative genes
title_full CRISPR/Cas9-mediated VDR knockout plays an essential role in the growth of dermal papilla cells through enhanced relative genes
title_fullStr CRISPR/Cas9-mediated VDR knockout plays an essential role in the growth of dermal papilla cells through enhanced relative genes
title_full_unstemmed CRISPR/Cas9-mediated VDR knockout plays an essential role in the growth of dermal papilla cells through enhanced relative genes
title_short CRISPR/Cas9-mediated VDR knockout plays an essential role in the growth of dermal papilla cells through enhanced relative genes
title_sort crispr/cas9-mediated vdr knockout plays an essential role in the growth of dermal papilla cells through enhanced relative genes
topic Biotechnology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6612256/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31309000
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7230
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