Infracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous return in a patient with Williams syndrome: A case report

RATIONALE: Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a rare condition, accounting for 1% of all congenital heart diseases, and an atypical cardiovascular abnormality in Williams syndrome (WS). Here, we report a rare case of WS combined with infracardiac TAPVR. PATIENT CONCERNS: A female newborn presented shortness of breath and purpura after crying at the age of 10 days. DIAGNOSIS: Based on clinical symptoms and laboratory and echocardiographic findings, the patient was diagnosed with infracardiac TAPVR. INTERVENTIONS: We performed infracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection repair surgery. OUTCOMES: The operation was successful and the patient was discharged from the hospital uneventfully after 2 months of treatment. However, we diagnosed the patient with WS in addition to infracardiac TAPVR 6 months postoperatively. LESSONS: This case demonstrates that patients with WS can have associated infracardiac TAPVR. The postoperative growth patterns and changes in the diameters of the aorta and pulmonary arteries were related closely to our early diagnosis of TAPVR associated with WS.