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Epstein–Barr Virus and Innate Immunity: Friends or Foes?

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) successfully persists in the vast majority of adults but causes lymphoid and epithelial malignancies in a small fraction of latently infected individuals. Innate immunity is the first-line antiviral defense, which EBV has to evade in favor of its own replication and infectio...

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Autores principales: Jangra, Sonia, Yuen, Kit-San, Botelho, Michael George, Jin, Dong-Yan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6617214/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31238570
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7060183
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author Jangra, Sonia
Yuen, Kit-San
Botelho, Michael George
Jin, Dong-Yan
author_facet Jangra, Sonia
Yuen, Kit-San
Botelho, Michael George
Jin, Dong-Yan
author_sort Jangra, Sonia
collection PubMed
description Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) successfully persists in the vast majority of adults but causes lymphoid and epithelial malignancies in a small fraction of latently infected individuals. Innate immunity is the first-line antiviral defense, which EBV has to evade in favor of its own replication and infection. EBV uses multiple strategies to perturb innate immune signaling pathways activated by Toll-like, RIG-I-like, NOD-like, and AIM2-like receptors as well as cyclic GMP-AMP synthase. EBV also counteracts interferon production and signaling, including TBK1-IRF3 and JAK-STAT pathways. However, activation of innate immunity also triggers pro-inflammatory response and proteolytic cleavage of caspases, both of which exhibit proviral activity under some circumstances. Pathogenic inflammation also contributes to EBV oncogenesis. EBV activates NFκB signaling and induces pro-inflammatory cytokines. Through differential modulation of the proviral and antiviral roles of caspases and other host factors at different stages of infection, EBV usurps cellular programs for death and inflammation to its own benefits. The outcome of EBV infection is governed by a delicate interplay between innate immunity and EBV. A better understanding of this interplay will instruct prevention and intervention of EBV-associated cancers.
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spelling pubmed-66172142019-07-18 Epstein–Barr Virus and Innate Immunity: Friends or Foes? Jangra, Sonia Yuen, Kit-San Botelho, Michael George Jin, Dong-Yan Microorganisms Review Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) successfully persists in the vast majority of adults but causes lymphoid and epithelial malignancies in a small fraction of latently infected individuals. Innate immunity is the first-line antiviral defense, which EBV has to evade in favor of its own replication and infection. EBV uses multiple strategies to perturb innate immune signaling pathways activated by Toll-like, RIG-I-like, NOD-like, and AIM2-like receptors as well as cyclic GMP-AMP synthase. EBV also counteracts interferon production and signaling, including TBK1-IRF3 and JAK-STAT pathways. However, activation of innate immunity also triggers pro-inflammatory response and proteolytic cleavage of caspases, both of which exhibit proviral activity under some circumstances. Pathogenic inflammation also contributes to EBV oncogenesis. EBV activates NFκB signaling and induces pro-inflammatory cytokines. Through differential modulation of the proviral and antiviral roles of caspases and other host factors at different stages of infection, EBV usurps cellular programs for death and inflammation to its own benefits. The outcome of EBV infection is governed by a delicate interplay between innate immunity and EBV. A better understanding of this interplay will instruct prevention and intervention of EBV-associated cancers. MDPI 2019-06-24 /pmc/articles/PMC6617214/ /pubmed/31238570 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7060183 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Jangra, Sonia
Yuen, Kit-San
Botelho, Michael George
Jin, Dong-Yan
Epstein–Barr Virus and Innate Immunity: Friends or Foes?
title Epstein–Barr Virus and Innate Immunity: Friends or Foes?
title_full Epstein–Barr Virus and Innate Immunity: Friends or Foes?
title_fullStr Epstein–Barr Virus and Innate Immunity: Friends or Foes?
title_full_unstemmed Epstein–Barr Virus and Innate Immunity: Friends or Foes?
title_short Epstein–Barr Virus and Innate Immunity: Friends or Foes?
title_sort epstein–barr virus and innate immunity: friends or foes?
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6617214/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31238570
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7060183
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