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Importance of GFAP isoform‐specific analyses in astrocytoma

Gliomas are a heterogenous group of malignant primary brain tumors that arise from glia cells or their progenitors and rely on accurate diagnosis for prognosis and treatment strategies. Although recent developments in the molecular biology of glioma have improved diagnosis, classical histological me...

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Autores principales: van Bodegraven, Emma J., van Asperen, Jessy V., Robe, Pierre A.J., Hol, Elly M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6617972/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30667110
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/glia.23594
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author van Bodegraven, Emma J.
van Asperen, Jessy V.
Robe, Pierre A.J.
Hol, Elly M.
author_facet van Bodegraven, Emma J.
van Asperen, Jessy V.
Robe, Pierre A.J.
Hol, Elly M.
author_sort van Bodegraven, Emma J.
collection PubMed
description Gliomas are a heterogenous group of malignant primary brain tumors that arise from glia cells or their progenitors and rely on accurate diagnosis for prognosis and treatment strategies. Although recent developments in the molecular biology of glioma have improved diagnosis, classical histological methods and biomarkers are still being used. The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a classical marker of astrocytoma, both in clinical and experimental settings. GFAP is used to determine glial differentiation, which is associated with a less malignant tumor. However, since GFAP is not only expressed by mature astrocytes but also by radial glia during development and neural stem cells in the adult brain, we hypothesized that GFAP expression in astrocytoma might not be a direct indication of glial differentiation and a less malignant phenotype. Therefore, we here review all existing literature from 1972 up to 2018 on GFAP expression in astrocytoma patient material to revisit GFAP as a marker of lower grade, more differentiated astrocytoma. We conclude that GFAP is heterogeneously expressed in astrocytoma, which most likely masks a consistent correlation of GFAP expression to astrocytoma malignancy grade. The GFAP positive cell population contains cells with differences in morphology, function, and differentiation state showing that GFAP is not merely a marker of less malignant and more differentiated astrocytoma. We suggest that discriminating between the GFAP isoforms GFAPδ and GFAPα will improve the accuracy of assessing the differentiation state of astrocytoma in clinical and experimental settings and will benefit glioma classification.
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spelling pubmed-66179722019-07-22 Importance of GFAP isoform‐specific analyses in astrocytoma van Bodegraven, Emma J. van Asperen, Jessy V. Robe, Pierre A.J. Hol, Elly M. Glia Review Article Gliomas are a heterogenous group of malignant primary brain tumors that arise from glia cells or their progenitors and rely on accurate diagnosis for prognosis and treatment strategies. Although recent developments in the molecular biology of glioma have improved diagnosis, classical histological methods and biomarkers are still being used. The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a classical marker of astrocytoma, both in clinical and experimental settings. GFAP is used to determine glial differentiation, which is associated with a less malignant tumor. However, since GFAP is not only expressed by mature astrocytes but also by radial glia during development and neural stem cells in the adult brain, we hypothesized that GFAP expression in astrocytoma might not be a direct indication of glial differentiation and a less malignant phenotype. Therefore, we here review all existing literature from 1972 up to 2018 on GFAP expression in astrocytoma patient material to revisit GFAP as a marker of lower grade, more differentiated astrocytoma. We conclude that GFAP is heterogeneously expressed in astrocytoma, which most likely masks a consistent correlation of GFAP expression to astrocytoma malignancy grade. The GFAP positive cell population contains cells with differences in morphology, function, and differentiation state showing that GFAP is not merely a marker of less malignant and more differentiated astrocytoma. We suggest that discriminating between the GFAP isoforms GFAPδ and GFAPα will improve the accuracy of assessing the differentiation state of astrocytoma in clinical and experimental settings and will benefit glioma classification. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019-01-22 2019-08 /pmc/articles/PMC6617972/ /pubmed/30667110 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/glia.23594 Text en © 2019 The Authors. Glia published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
van Bodegraven, Emma J.
van Asperen, Jessy V.
Robe, Pierre A.J.
Hol, Elly M.
Importance of GFAP isoform‐specific analyses in astrocytoma
title Importance of GFAP isoform‐specific analyses in astrocytoma
title_full Importance of GFAP isoform‐specific analyses in astrocytoma
title_fullStr Importance of GFAP isoform‐specific analyses in astrocytoma
title_full_unstemmed Importance of GFAP isoform‐specific analyses in astrocytoma
title_short Importance of GFAP isoform‐specific analyses in astrocytoma
title_sort importance of gfap isoform‐specific analyses in astrocytoma
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6617972/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30667110
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/glia.23594
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