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Molecular and morphological convergence to sulfide-tolerant fishes in a new species of Jenynsia (Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae), the first extremophile member of the family

Freshwater sulfide springs have extreme environmental conditions that only few vertebrate species can tolerate. These species often develop a series of morphological and molecular adaptations to cope with the challenges of life under the toxic and hypoxic conditions of sulfide springs. In this paper...

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Autores principales: Aguilera, Gastón, Terán, Guillermo Enrique, Mirande, Juan Marcos, Alonso, Felipe, Rometsch, Sina, Meyer, Axel, Torres-Dowdall, Julian
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6619989/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31291282
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218810
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author Aguilera, Gastón
Terán, Guillermo Enrique
Mirande, Juan Marcos
Alonso, Felipe
Rometsch, Sina
Meyer, Axel
Torres-Dowdall, Julian
author_facet Aguilera, Gastón
Terán, Guillermo Enrique
Mirande, Juan Marcos
Alonso, Felipe
Rometsch, Sina
Meyer, Axel
Torres-Dowdall, Julian
author_sort Aguilera, Gastón
collection PubMed
description Freshwater sulfide springs have extreme environmental conditions that only few vertebrate species can tolerate. These species often develop a series of morphological and molecular adaptations to cope with the challenges of life under the toxic and hypoxic conditions of sulfide springs. In this paper, we described a new fish species of the genus Jenynsia, Anablepidae, from a sulfide spring in Northwestern Argentina, the first in the family known from such extreme environment. Jenynsia sulfurica n. sp. is diagnosable by the lack of scales on the pre-pelvic area or the presence of a single row of scales, continuous or not, from the isthmus to the bases of the pelvic fins. Additionally, it presents a series of morphological and molecular characteristics that appear convergent with those seen in other fish species (e.g., Poeciliids) inhabiting sulfide springs. Most notably, J. sulfurica has an enlarged head and postorbital area compared to other fish of the genus and a prognathous lower jaw with a hypertrophied lip, thought to facilitate respiration at the air-water interface. Analyses of cox1 sequence showed that J. sulfurica has two unique mutations resulting in amino acid substitutions convergent to those seen in Poeciliids from sulfide springs and known to provide a physiological mechanism related to living in sulfide environments. A phylogenetic analysis, including molecular and morphological characters, placed J. sulfurica as sister taxa to J. alternimaculata, a species found in nearby, non-sulfide habitats directly connected to the sulfide springs. Thus, it can be inferred that the selection imposed by the presence of H(2)S has resulted in the divergence between these two species and has potentially served as a barrier to gene flow.
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spelling pubmed-66199892019-07-25 Molecular and morphological convergence to sulfide-tolerant fishes in a new species of Jenynsia (Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae), the first extremophile member of the family Aguilera, Gastón Terán, Guillermo Enrique Mirande, Juan Marcos Alonso, Felipe Rometsch, Sina Meyer, Axel Torres-Dowdall, Julian PLoS One Research Article Freshwater sulfide springs have extreme environmental conditions that only few vertebrate species can tolerate. These species often develop a series of morphological and molecular adaptations to cope with the challenges of life under the toxic and hypoxic conditions of sulfide springs. In this paper, we described a new fish species of the genus Jenynsia, Anablepidae, from a sulfide spring in Northwestern Argentina, the first in the family known from such extreme environment. Jenynsia sulfurica n. sp. is diagnosable by the lack of scales on the pre-pelvic area or the presence of a single row of scales, continuous or not, from the isthmus to the bases of the pelvic fins. Additionally, it presents a series of morphological and molecular characteristics that appear convergent with those seen in other fish species (e.g., Poeciliids) inhabiting sulfide springs. Most notably, J. sulfurica has an enlarged head and postorbital area compared to other fish of the genus and a prognathous lower jaw with a hypertrophied lip, thought to facilitate respiration at the air-water interface. Analyses of cox1 sequence showed that J. sulfurica has two unique mutations resulting in amino acid substitutions convergent to those seen in Poeciliids from sulfide springs and known to provide a physiological mechanism related to living in sulfide environments. A phylogenetic analysis, including molecular and morphological characters, placed J. sulfurica as sister taxa to J. alternimaculata, a species found in nearby, non-sulfide habitats directly connected to the sulfide springs. Thus, it can be inferred that the selection imposed by the presence of H(2)S has resulted in the divergence between these two species and has potentially served as a barrier to gene flow. Public Library of Science 2019-07-10 /pmc/articles/PMC6619989/ /pubmed/31291282 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218810 Text en © 2019 Aguilera et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Aguilera, Gastón
Terán, Guillermo Enrique
Mirande, Juan Marcos
Alonso, Felipe
Rometsch, Sina
Meyer, Axel
Torres-Dowdall, Julian
Molecular and morphological convergence to sulfide-tolerant fishes in a new species of Jenynsia (Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae), the first extremophile member of the family
title Molecular and morphological convergence to sulfide-tolerant fishes in a new species of Jenynsia (Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae), the first extremophile member of the family
title_full Molecular and morphological convergence to sulfide-tolerant fishes in a new species of Jenynsia (Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae), the first extremophile member of the family
title_fullStr Molecular and morphological convergence to sulfide-tolerant fishes in a new species of Jenynsia (Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae), the first extremophile member of the family
title_full_unstemmed Molecular and morphological convergence to sulfide-tolerant fishes in a new species of Jenynsia (Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae), the first extremophile member of the family
title_short Molecular and morphological convergence to sulfide-tolerant fishes in a new species of Jenynsia (Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae), the first extremophile member of the family
title_sort molecular and morphological convergence to sulfide-tolerant fishes in a new species of jenynsia (cyprinodontiformes: anablepidae), the first extremophile member of the family
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6619989/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31291282
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218810
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