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Prevalence of HIV infection among siblings of HIV positive children in Calabar, Nigeria

INTRODUCTION: Early diagnosis and treatment of paediatric HIV is key as mortality of untreated patients is very high in the first two years of life, and reaches 80% by four years. Case finding efforts for children especially outside Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) is inadequate. T...

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Autores principales: Ochigbo, Sunday Oteikwu, Torty, Chimaeze, Anah, Maxwell
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The African Field Epidemiology Network 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6620075/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31312293
http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2019.32.179.16837
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author Ochigbo, Sunday Oteikwu
Torty, Chimaeze
Anah, Maxwell
author_facet Ochigbo, Sunday Oteikwu
Torty, Chimaeze
Anah, Maxwell
author_sort Ochigbo, Sunday Oteikwu
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: Early diagnosis and treatment of paediatric HIV is key as mortality of untreated patients is very high in the first two years of life, and reaches 80% by four years. Case finding efforts for children especially outside Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) is inadequate. Targeting siblings of index HIV-exposed and infected children is an important way of improving identification and enrolment into care thereby reducing paediatric mortality. The study therefore aimed to determine the prevalence of HIV infection among siblings of HIV positive children in care in Calabar. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among children aged six weeks to 15 years who are siblings of HIV positive children receiving care. Parental consent and child assent were obtained, the children were tested for HIV at their homes irrespective of their prior test results. Ethical clearance certificates were obtained from the health institutions. RESULTS: Siblings of 401 index patients were tested for HIV, four were positive giving a prevalence rate of 1%. Three hundred and sixty-seven 367(91.5%) had been tested previously while 34(8.5%) never had HIV test. Among the siblings who were HIV positive, 1(0.3%) was a male while 3(0.7%) were females. There were more HIV positive siblings in the 11-15 years age group. CONCLUSION: All the four HIV positive siblings were from the lower socioeconomic class (p=0.022). The routine screening of siblings of HIV positive children should be sustained with focus on adolescents from the lower socioeconomic class. This will improve early identification and enrolment into care thereby reducing paediatric mortality.
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spelling pubmed-66200752019-07-16 Prevalence of HIV infection among siblings of HIV positive children in Calabar, Nigeria Ochigbo, Sunday Oteikwu Torty, Chimaeze Anah, Maxwell Pan Afr Med J Research INTRODUCTION: Early diagnosis and treatment of paediatric HIV is key as mortality of untreated patients is very high in the first two years of life, and reaches 80% by four years. Case finding efforts for children especially outside Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) is inadequate. Targeting siblings of index HIV-exposed and infected children is an important way of improving identification and enrolment into care thereby reducing paediatric mortality. The study therefore aimed to determine the prevalence of HIV infection among siblings of HIV positive children in care in Calabar. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among children aged six weeks to 15 years who are siblings of HIV positive children receiving care. Parental consent and child assent were obtained, the children were tested for HIV at their homes irrespective of their prior test results. Ethical clearance certificates were obtained from the health institutions. RESULTS: Siblings of 401 index patients were tested for HIV, four were positive giving a prevalence rate of 1%. Three hundred and sixty-seven 367(91.5%) had been tested previously while 34(8.5%) never had HIV test. Among the siblings who were HIV positive, 1(0.3%) was a male while 3(0.7%) were females. There were more HIV positive siblings in the 11-15 years age group. CONCLUSION: All the four HIV positive siblings were from the lower socioeconomic class (p=0.022). The routine screening of siblings of HIV positive children should be sustained with focus on adolescents from the lower socioeconomic class. This will improve early identification and enrolment into care thereby reducing paediatric mortality. The African Field Epidemiology Network 2019-04-11 /pmc/articles/PMC6620075/ /pubmed/31312293 http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2019.32.179.16837 Text en © Sunday Oteikwu Ochigbo et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research
Ochigbo, Sunday Oteikwu
Torty, Chimaeze
Anah, Maxwell
Prevalence of HIV infection among siblings of HIV positive children in Calabar, Nigeria
title Prevalence of HIV infection among siblings of HIV positive children in Calabar, Nigeria
title_full Prevalence of HIV infection among siblings of HIV positive children in Calabar, Nigeria
title_fullStr Prevalence of HIV infection among siblings of HIV positive children in Calabar, Nigeria
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence of HIV infection among siblings of HIV positive children in Calabar, Nigeria
title_short Prevalence of HIV infection among siblings of HIV positive children in Calabar, Nigeria
title_sort prevalence of hiv infection among siblings of hiv positive children in calabar, nigeria
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6620075/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31312293
http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2019.32.179.16837
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