Head-to-head comparison of image quality between brain (18)F-FDG images recorded with a fully digital versus a last-generation analog PET camera

BACKGROUND: The quality of phantom images was previously shown to be higher on digital (Vereos Philips®) compared to analog PET (Ingenuity Philips®) cameras. This study aimed to determine the extent to which this difference still remains significant on normal brain (18)F-FDG PET images. METHODS: Relative noise and contrast as well as border sharpness (a spatial resolution index) of central (striata) and peripheral (occiput) gray-matter structures were compared between 10 sets of normal brain (18)F-FDG PET images recorded and reconstructed on digital and analog last-generation PET cameras, together with a subjective visual analysis of image quality provided by experienced physicians. RESULTS: Compared with analog PET, digital PET provided marked improvements in image quality parameters. The median relative noise was decreased (− 22%), while gray/white-matter contrast was increased (+ 27%/+ 41% for central/peripheral gray-matter structures), with these results being consistent with visual analysis. In addition, a clear enhancement in image sharpness was further documented for digital PET owing to the possible use of a 1-mm(3) voxel size (+ 24%/+ 21%). CONCLUSIONS: On normal brain (18)F-FDG images and compared with a last-generation analog PET, the fully digital PET camera offers marked improvements in image noise and contrast, as well as significant potential for further enhancing spatial resolution. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s13550-019-0526-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.