Golden proportion evaluation in maxillary anterior teeth amongst Saudi population in Riyadh

INTRODUCTION: In achieving pleasing dental aesthetics, the maxillary anterior teeth are essential. Numerous methods are used to measure their dimensions, including the golden proportion between their perceived widths and the width-to-height ratios, referred to as the golden proportion and is considered as a gold standard for esthetic evaluation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the existence of the golden proportion between the width of the maxillary anterior teeth of Saudi males and females. METHODS: This clinical observational study included a total of 61 participants that met the inclusion criteria having 36 females and 25 males, all Saudi nationals, presented to Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), College of dentistry, clinics. Dental casts of the maxillary arches for each participant were made after taking digital impressions in addition to taking photographs. The dimensions and the perceived width of the anterior teeth viewed from the front were measured using a digital caliper. SPSS was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the subject’s width-to-height ratios and the golden proportion of 0.80 where (p-value < 0.05). Thus, indicating that no golden ratio was observed except in case of tooth number 12 in male subjects where mean value was (0.83) with a standard deviation of (0.09) and the p-value of (p = 0.144) > 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: From the perceived widths of maxillary anterior teeth, the golden proportion was not found to exist. No gold standard was detected for the width-to-height proportions of maxillary incisors. Therefore, in addition to anterior teeth measurements, specific population characteristics and perception of an agreeable smile should be considered for evaluating esthetics.