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Machine Learning Approaches for the Estimation of Biological Aging: The Road Ahead for Population Studies

In recent years, different machine learning algorithms have been developed for the estimation of Biological Age (BA), defined as the hypothetical underlying age of an organism. BA can be computed based on different circulating and non-circulating biomarkers. In this perspective, identifying biomarke...

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Autores principales: Gialluisi, Alessandro, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto, Donati, Maria Benedetta, de Gaetano, Giovanni, Iacoviello, Licia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6626911/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31338367
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2019.00146
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author Gialluisi, Alessandro
Di Castelnuovo, Augusto
Donati, Maria Benedetta
de Gaetano, Giovanni
Iacoviello, Licia
author_facet Gialluisi, Alessandro
Di Castelnuovo, Augusto
Donati, Maria Benedetta
de Gaetano, Giovanni
Iacoviello, Licia
author_sort Gialluisi, Alessandro
collection PubMed
description In recent years, different machine learning algorithms have been developed for the estimation of Biological Age (BA), defined as the hypothetical underlying age of an organism. BA can be computed based on different circulating and non-circulating biomarkers. In this perspective, identifying biomarkers with a prominent influence on BA and developing reliable models for its estimation is of fundamental importance for monitoring healthy aging, and could provide new tools to screen health status and the risk of clinical events in the general population. Here, we briefly review the different machine learning (ML) approaches used for BA estimation, focusing on those methods with potential application to the Moli-sani study, a prospective population-based cohort study of 24,325 subjects (35–99 years). In particular, we discuss the potential of BA estimation based on blood biomarkers, which likely represents the easiest and most immediate way to compute organismal BA. Similarly, we describe ML methods for the estimation of brain age based on structural neuroimaging features. For each method, we discuss the relation with epidemiological variables (e.g., mortality), genetic and environmental factors, and common age-related diseases (e.g., Alzheimer disease), to examine the potential as aging biomarker in the general population. Finally, we hypothesize new approaches for BA estimation, both at the single organ and at the whole organism level. Overall, here we trace the road ahead in the Big Data era for our and other prospective general population cohorts, presenting ways to exploit the notable amount of data available nowadays.
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spelling pubmed-66269112019-07-23 Machine Learning Approaches for the Estimation of Biological Aging: The Road Ahead for Population Studies Gialluisi, Alessandro Di Castelnuovo, Augusto Donati, Maria Benedetta de Gaetano, Giovanni Iacoviello, Licia Front Med (Lausanne) Medicine In recent years, different machine learning algorithms have been developed for the estimation of Biological Age (BA), defined as the hypothetical underlying age of an organism. BA can be computed based on different circulating and non-circulating biomarkers. In this perspective, identifying biomarkers with a prominent influence on BA and developing reliable models for its estimation is of fundamental importance for monitoring healthy aging, and could provide new tools to screen health status and the risk of clinical events in the general population. Here, we briefly review the different machine learning (ML) approaches used for BA estimation, focusing on those methods with potential application to the Moli-sani study, a prospective population-based cohort study of 24,325 subjects (35–99 years). In particular, we discuss the potential of BA estimation based on blood biomarkers, which likely represents the easiest and most immediate way to compute organismal BA. Similarly, we describe ML methods for the estimation of brain age based on structural neuroimaging features. For each method, we discuss the relation with epidemiological variables (e.g., mortality), genetic and environmental factors, and common age-related diseases (e.g., Alzheimer disease), to examine the potential as aging biomarker in the general population. Finally, we hypothesize new approaches for BA estimation, both at the single organ and at the whole organism level. Overall, here we trace the road ahead in the Big Data era for our and other prospective general population cohorts, presenting ways to exploit the notable amount of data available nowadays. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-07-03 /pmc/articles/PMC6626911/ /pubmed/31338367 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2019.00146 Text en Copyright © 2019 Gialluisi, Di Castelnuovo, Donati, de Gaetano, Iacoviello and the Moli-sani Study Investigators. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Medicine
Gialluisi, Alessandro
Di Castelnuovo, Augusto
Donati, Maria Benedetta
de Gaetano, Giovanni
Iacoviello, Licia
Machine Learning Approaches for the Estimation of Biological Aging: The Road Ahead for Population Studies
title Machine Learning Approaches for the Estimation of Biological Aging: The Road Ahead for Population Studies
title_full Machine Learning Approaches for the Estimation of Biological Aging: The Road Ahead for Population Studies
title_fullStr Machine Learning Approaches for the Estimation of Biological Aging: The Road Ahead for Population Studies
title_full_unstemmed Machine Learning Approaches for the Estimation of Biological Aging: The Road Ahead for Population Studies
title_short Machine Learning Approaches for the Estimation of Biological Aging: The Road Ahead for Population Studies
title_sort machine learning approaches for the estimation of biological aging: the road ahead for population studies
topic Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6626911/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31338367
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2019.00146
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