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Uveal Melanoma, Angiogenesis and Immunotherapy, Is There Any Hope?
Uveal melanoma is considered a rare disease but it is the most common intraocular malignancy in adults. Local treatments are effective, but the systemic recurrence rate is unacceptably high. Moreover, once metastasis have developed the prognosis is poor, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 5%,...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6627065/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31212986 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11060834 |
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author | Castet, Florian Garcia-Mulero, Sandra Sanz-Pamplona, Rebeca Cuellar, Andres Casanovas, Oriol Caminal, Josep Maria Piulats, Josep Maria |
author_facet | Castet, Florian Garcia-Mulero, Sandra Sanz-Pamplona, Rebeca Cuellar, Andres Casanovas, Oriol Caminal, Josep Maria Piulats, Josep Maria |
author_sort | Castet, Florian |
collection | PubMed |
description | Uveal melanoma is considered a rare disease but it is the most common intraocular malignancy in adults. Local treatments are effective, but the systemic recurrence rate is unacceptably high. Moreover, once metastasis have developed the prognosis is poor, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 5%, and systemic therapies, including immunotherapy, have rendered poor results. The tumour biology is complex, but angiogenesis is a highly important pathway in these tumours. Vasculogenic mimicry, the ability of melanomas to generate vascular channels independently of endothelial cells, could play an important role, but no effective therapy targeting this process has been developed so far. Angiogenesis modulates the tumour microenvironment of melanomas, and a close interplay is established between them. Therefore, combining immune strategies with drugs targeting angiogenesis offers a new therapeutic paradigm. In preclinical studies, these approaches effectively target these tumours, and a phase I clinical study has shown encouraging results in cutaneous melanomas. In this review, we will discuss the importance of angiogenesis in uveal melanoma, with a special focus on vasculogenic mimicry, and describe the interplay between angiogenesis and the tumour microenvironment. In addition, we will suggest future therapeutic approaches based on these observations and mention ways in which to potentially enhance current treatments. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6627065 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-66270652019-07-19 Uveal Melanoma, Angiogenesis and Immunotherapy, Is There Any Hope? Castet, Florian Garcia-Mulero, Sandra Sanz-Pamplona, Rebeca Cuellar, Andres Casanovas, Oriol Caminal, Josep Maria Piulats, Josep Maria Cancers (Basel) Review Uveal melanoma is considered a rare disease but it is the most common intraocular malignancy in adults. Local treatments are effective, but the systemic recurrence rate is unacceptably high. Moreover, once metastasis have developed the prognosis is poor, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 5%, and systemic therapies, including immunotherapy, have rendered poor results. The tumour biology is complex, but angiogenesis is a highly important pathway in these tumours. Vasculogenic mimicry, the ability of melanomas to generate vascular channels independently of endothelial cells, could play an important role, but no effective therapy targeting this process has been developed so far. Angiogenesis modulates the tumour microenvironment of melanomas, and a close interplay is established between them. Therefore, combining immune strategies with drugs targeting angiogenesis offers a new therapeutic paradigm. In preclinical studies, these approaches effectively target these tumours, and a phase I clinical study has shown encouraging results in cutaneous melanomas. In this review, we will discuss the importance of angiogenesis in uveal melanoma, with a special focus on vasculogenic mimicry, and describe the interplay between angiogenesis and the tumour microenvironment. In addition, we will suggest future therapeutic approaches based on these observations and mention ways in which to potentially enhance current treatments. MDPI 2019-06-17 /pmc/articles/PMC6627065/ /pubmed/31212986 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11060834 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Castet, Florian Garcia-Mulero, Sandra Sanz-Pamplona, Rebeca Cuellar, Andres Casanovas, Oriol Caminal, Josep Maria Piulats, Josep Maria Uveal Melanoma, Angiogenesis and Immunotherapy, Is There Any Hope? |
title | Uveal Melanoma, Angiogenesis and Immunotherapy, Is There Any Hope? |
title_full | Uveal Melanoma, Angiogenesis and Immunotherapy, Is There Any Hope? |
title_fullStr | Uveal Melanoma, Angiogenesis and Immunotherapy, Is There Any Hope? |
title_full_unstemmed | Uveal Melanoma, Angiogenesis and Immunotherapy, Is There Any Hope? |
title_short | Uveal Melanoma, Angiogenesis and Immunotherapy, Is There Any Hope? |
title_sort | uveal melanoma, angiogenesis and immunotherapy, is there any hope? |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6627065/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31212986 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11060834 |
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