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Inception Mechanisms of Tunneling Nanotubes
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are thin membranous tubes that interconnect cells, representing a novel route of cell-to-cell communication and spreading of pathogens. TNTs form between many cell types, yet their inception mechanisms remain elusive. We review in this study general concepts related to the...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6627088/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31234435 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8060626 |
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author | Drab, Mitja Stopar, David Kralj-Iglič, Veronika Iglič, Aleš |
author_facet | Drab, Mitja Stopar, David Kralj-Iglič, Veronika Iglič, Aleš |
author_sort | Drab, Mitja |
collection | PubMed |
description | Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are thin membranous tubes that interconnect cells, representing a novel route of cell-to-cell communication and spreading of pathogens. TNTs form between many cell types, yet their inception mechanisms remain elusive. We review in this study general concepts related to the formation and stability of membranous tubular structures with a focus on a deviatoric elasticity model of membrane nanodomains. We review experimental evidence that tubular structures initiate from local membrane bending facilitated by laterally distributed proteins or anisotropic membrane nanodomains. We further discuss the numerical results of several theoretical and simulation models of nanodomain segregation suggesting the mechanisms of TNT inception and stability. We discuss the coupling of nanodomain segregation with the action of protruding cytoskeletal forces, which are mostly provided in eukaryotic cells by the polymerization of f-actin, and review recent inception mechanisms of TNTs in relation to motor proteins. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6627088 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-66270882019-07-19 Inception Mechanisms of Tunneling Nanotubes Drab, Mitja Stopar, David Kralj-Iglič, Veronika Iglič, Aleš Cells Review Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are thin membranous tubes that interconnect cells, representing a novel route of cell-to-cell communication and spreading of pathogens. TNTs form between many cell types, yet their inception mechanisms remain elusive. We review in this study general concepts related to the formation and stability of membranous tubular structures with a focus on a deviatoric elasticity model of membrane nanodomains. We review experimental evidence that tubular structures initiate from local membrane bending facilitated by laterally distributed proteins or anisotropic membrane nanodomains. We further discuss the numerical results of several theoretical and simulation models of nanodomain segregation suggesting the mechanisms of TNT inception and stability. We discuss the coupling of nanodomain segregation with the action of protruding cytoskeletal forces, which are mostly provided in eukaryotic cells by the polymerization of f-actin, and review recent inception mechanisms of TNTs in relation to motor proteins. MDPI 2019-06-21 /pmc/articles/PMC6627088/ /pubmed/31234435 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8060626 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Drab, Mitja Stopar, David Kralj-Iglič, Veronika Iglič, Aleš Inception Mechanisms of Tunneling Nanotubes |
title | Inception Mechanisms of Tunneling Nanotubes |
title_full | Inception Mechanisms of Tunneling Nanotubes |
title_fullStr | Inception Mechanisms of Tunneling Nanotubes |
title_full_unstemmed | Inception Mechanisms of Tunneling Nanotubes |
title_short | Inception Mechanisms of Tunneling Nanotubes |
title_sort | inception mechanisms of tunneling nanotubes |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6627088/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31234435 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8060626 |
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