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Inception Mechanisms of Tunneling Nanotubes

Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are thin membranous tubes that interconnect cells, representing a novel route of cell-to-cell communication and spreading of pathogens. TNTs form between many cell types, yet their inception mechanisms remain elusive. We review in this study general concepts related to the...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Drab, Mitja, Stopar, David, Kralj-Iglič, Veronika, Iglič, Aleš
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6627088/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31234435
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8060626
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author Drab, Mitja
Stopar, David
Kralj-Iglič, Veronika
Iglič, Aleš
author_facet Drab, Mitja
Stopar, David
Kralj-Iglič, Veronika
Iglič, Aleš
author_sort Drab, Mitja
collection PubMed
description Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are thin membranous tubes that interconnect cells, representing a novel route of cell-to-cell communication and spreading of pathogens. TNTs form between many cell types, yet their inception mechanisms remain elusive. We review in this study general concepts related to the formation and stability of membranous tubular structures with a focus on a deviatoric elasticity model of membrane nanodomains. We review experimental evidence that tubular structures initiate from local membrane bending facilitated by laterally distributed proteins or anisotropic membrane nanodomains. We further discuss the numerical results of several theoretical and simulation models of nanodomain segregation suggesting the mechanisms of TNT inception and stability. We discuss the coupling of nanodomain segregation with the action of protruding cytoskeletal forces, which are mostly provided in eukaryotic cells by the polymerization of f-actin, and review recent inception mechanisms of TNTs in relation to motor proteins.
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spelling pubmed-66270882019-07-19 Inception Mechanisms of Tunneling Nanotubes Drab, Mitja Stopar, David Kralj-Iglič, Veronika Iglič, Aleš Cells Review Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are thin membranous tubes that interconnect cells, representing a novel route of cell-to-cell communication and spreading of pathogens. TNTs form between many cell types, yet their inception mechanisms remain elusive. We review in this study general concepts related to the formation and stability of membranous tubular structures with a focus on a deviatoric elasticity model of membrane nanodomains. We review experimental evidence that tubular structures initiate from local membrane bending facilitated by laterally distributed proteins or anisotropic membrane nanodomains. We further discuss the numerical results of several theoretical and simulation models of nanodomain segregation suggesting the mechanisms of TNT inception and stability. We discuss the coupling of nanodomain segregation with the action of protruding cytoskeletal forces, which are mostly provided in eukaryotic cells by the polymerization of f-actin, and review recent inception mechanisms of TNTs in relation to motor proteins. MDPI 2019-06-21 /pmc/articles/PMC6627088/ /pubmed/31234435 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8060626 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Drab, Mitja
Stopar, David
Kralj-Iglič, Veronika
Iglič, Aleš
Inception Mechanisms of Tunneling Nanotubes
title Inception Mechanisms of Tunneling Nanotubes
title_full Inception Mechanisms of Tunneling Nanotubes
title_fullStr Inception Mechanisms of Tunneling Nanotubes
title_full_unstemmed Inception Mechanisms of Tunneling Nanotubes
title_short Inception Mechanisms of Tunneling Nanotubes
title_sort inception mechanisms of tunneling nanotubes
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6627088/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31234435
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8060626
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