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Molecular Mechanisms of Microglial Motility: Changes in Ageing and Alzheimer’s Disease
Microglia are the tissue-resident immune cells of the central nervous system, where they constitute the first line of defense against any pathogens or injury. Microglia are highly motile cells and in order to carry out their function, they constantly undergo changes in their morphology to adapt to t...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6627151/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31242692 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8060639 |
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author | Franco-Bocanegra, Diana K. McAuley, Ciaran Nicoll, James A. R. Boche, Delphine |
author_facet | Franco-Bocanegra, Diana K. McAuley, Ciaran Nicoll, James A. R. Boche, Delphine |
author_sort | Franco-Bocanegra, Diana K. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Microglia are the tissue-resident immune cells of the central nervous system, where they constitute the first line of defense against any pathogens or injury. Microglia are highly motile cells and in order to carry out their function, they constantly undergo changes in their morphology to adapt to their environment. The microglial motility and morphological versatility are the result of a complex molecular machinery, mainly composed of mechanisms of organization of the actin cytoskeleton, coupled with a “sensory” system of membrane receptors that allow the cells to perceive changes in their microenvironment and modulate their responses. Evidence points to microglia as accountable for some of the changes observed in the brain during ageing, and microglia have a role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease. The present review describes in detail the main mechanisms driving microglial motility in physiological conditions, namely, the cytoskeletal actin dynamics, with emphasis in proteins highly expressed in microglia, and the role of chemotactic membrane proteins, such as the fractalkine and purinergic receptors. The review further delves into the changes occurring to the involved proteins and pathways specifically during ageing and in Alzheimer’s disease, analyzing how these changes might participate in the development of this disease. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6627151 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-66271512019-07-19 Molecular Mechanisms of Microglial Motility: Changes in Ageing and Alzheimer’s Disease Franco-Bocanegra, Diana K. McAuley, Ciaran Nicoll, James A. R. Boche, Delphine Cells Review Microglia are the tissue-resident immune cells of the central nervous system, where they constitute the first line of defense against any pathogens or injury. Microglia are highly motile cells and in order to carry out their function, they constantly undergo changes in their morphology to adapt to their environment. The microglial motility and morphological versatility are the result of a complex molecular machinery, mainly composed of mechanisms of organization of the actin cytoskeleton, coupled with a “sensory” system of membrane receptors that allow the cells to perceive changes in their microenvironment and modulate their responses. Evidence points to microglia as accountable for some of the changes observed in the brain during ageing, and microglia have a role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease. The present review describes in detail the main mechanisms driving microglial motility in physiological conditions, namely, the cytoskeletal actin dynamics, with emphasis in proteins highly expressed in microglia, and the role of chemotactic membrane proteins, such as the fractalkine and purinergic receptors. The review further delves into the changes occurring to the involved proteins and pathways specifically during ageing and in Alzheimer’s disease, analyzing how these changes might participate in the development of this disease. MDPI 2019-06-25 /pmc/articles/PMC6627151/ /pubmed/31242692 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8060639 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Franco-Bocanegra, Diana K. McAuley, Ciaran Nicoll, James A. R. Boche, Delphine Molecular Mechanisms of Microglial Motility: Changes in Ageing and Alzheimer’s Disease |
title | Molecular Mechanisms of Microglial Motility: Changes in Ageing and Alzheimer’s Disease |
title_full | Molecular Mechanisms of Microglial Motility: Changes in Ageing and Alzheimer’s Disease |
title_fullStr | Molecular Mechanisms of Microglial Motility: Changes in Ageing and Alzheimer’s Disease |
title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Mechanisms of Microglial Motility: Changes in Ageing and Alzheimer’s Disease |
title_short | Molecular Mechanisms of Microglial Motility: Changes in Ageing and Alzheimer’s Disease |
title_sort | molecular mechanisms of microglial motility: changes in ageing and alzheimer’s disease |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6627151/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31242692 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8060639 |
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