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Multiple Levels of Control Processes for Wisconsin Card Sorts: An Observational Study

We explored short-term behavioral plasticity on the Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (M-WCST) by deriving novel error metrics by stratifying traditional set loss and perseverative errors. Separating the rule set and the response set allowed for the measurement of performance across four trial ty...

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Autores principales: Kopp, Bruno, Steinke, Alexander, Bertram, Malte, Skripuletz, Thomas, Lange, Florian
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6627185/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31213007
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9060141
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author Kopp, Bruno
Steinke, Alexander
Bertram, Malte
Skripuletz, Thomas
Lange, Florian
author_facet Kopp, Bruno
Steinke, Alexander
Bertram, Malte
Skripuletz, Thomas
Lange, Florian
author_sort Kopp, Bruno
collection PubMed
description We explored short-term behavioral plasticity on the Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (M-WCST) by deriving novel error metrics by stratifying traditional set loss and perseverative errors. Separating the rule set and the response set allowed for the measurement of performance across four trial types, crossing rule set (i.e., maintain vs. switch) and response demand (i.e., repeat vs. alternate). Critically, these four trial types can be grouped based on trial-wise feedback on t − 1 trials. Rewarded (correct) maintain t − 1 trials should lead to error enhancement when the response demands shift from repeat to alternate. In contrast, punished (incorrect) t − 1 trials should lead to error suppression when the response demands shift from repeat to alternate. The results supported the error suppression prediction: An error suppression effect (ESE) was observed across numerous patient samples. Exploratory analyses show that the ESE did not share substantial portions of variance with traditional neuropsychological measures of executive functioning. They further point into the direction that striatal or limbic circuit neuropathology may be associated with enhanced ESE. These data suggest that punishment of the recently executed response induces behavioral avoidance, which is detectable as the ESE on the WCST. The assessment of the ESE might provide an index of response-related avoidance learning on the WCST.
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spelling pubmed-66271852019-07-19 Multiple Levels of Control Processes for Wisconsin Card Sorts: An Observational Study Kopp, Bruno Steinke, Alexander Bertram, Malte Skripuletz, Thomas Lange, Florian Brain Sci Article We explored short-term behavioral plasticity on the Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (M-WCST) by deriving novel error metrics by stratifying traditional set loss and perseverative errors. Separating the rule set and the response set allowed for the measurement of performance across four trial types, crossing rule set (i.e., maintain vs. switch) and response demand (i.e., repeat vs. alternate). Critically, these four trial types can be grouped based on trial-wise feedback on t − 1 trials. Rewarded (correct) maintain t − 1 trials should lead to error enhancement when the response demands shift from repeat to alternate. In contrast, punished (incorrect) t − 1 trials should lead to error suppression when the response demands shift from repeat to alternate. The results supported the error suppression prediction: An error suppression effect (ESE) was observed across numerous patient samples. Exploratory analyses show that the ESE did not share substantial portions of variance with traditional neuropsychological measures of executive functioning. They further point into the direction that striatal or limbic circuit neuropathology may be associated with enhanced ESE. These data suggest that punishment of the recently executed response induces behavioral avoidance, which is detectable as the ESE on the WCST. The assessment of the ESE might provide an index of response-related avoidance learning on the WCST. MDPI 2019-06-17 /pmc/articles/PMC6627185/ /pubmed/31213007 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9060141 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Kopp, Bruno
Steinke, Alexander
Bertram, Malte
Skripuletz, Thomas
Lange, Florian
Multiple Levels of Control Processes for Wisconsin Card Sorts: An Observational Study
title Multiple Levels of Control Processes for Wisconsin Card Sorts: An Observational Study
title_full Multiple Levels of Control Processes for Wisconsin Card Sorts: An Observational Study
title_fullStr Multiple Levels of Control Processes for Wisconsin Card Sorts: An Observational Study
title_full_unstemmed Multiple Levels of Control Processes for Wisconsin Card Sorts: An Observational Study
title_short Multiple Levels of Control Processes for Wisconsin Card Sorts: An Observational Study
title_sort multiple levels of control processes for wisconsin card sorts: an observational study
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6627185/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31213007
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9060141
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