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Chitin and Chitosans: Characteristics, Eco-Friendly Processes, and Applications in Cosmetic Science
Huge amounts of chitin and chitosans can be found in the biosphere as important constituents of the exoskeleton of many organisms and as waste by worldwide seafood companies. Presently, politicians, environmentalists, and industrialists encourage the use of these marine polysaccharides as a renewabl...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6627199/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31234361 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17060369 |
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author | Casadidio, Cristina Peregrina, Dolores Vargas Gigliobianco, Maria Rosa Deng, Siyuan Censi, Roberta Di Martino, Piera |
author_facet | Casadidio, Cristina Peregrina, Dolores Vargas Gigliobianco, Maria Rosa Deng, Siyuan Censi, Roberta Di Martino, Piera |
author_sort | Casadidio, Cristina |
collection | PubMed |
description | Huge amounts of chitin and chitosans can be found in the biosphere as important constituents of the exoskeleton of many organisms and as waste by worldwide seafood companies. Presently, politicians, environmentalists, and industrialists encourage the use of these marine polysaccharides as a renewable source developed by alternative eco-friendly processes, especially in the production of regular cosmetics. The aim of this review is to outline the physicochemical and biological properties and the different bioextraction methods of chitin and chitosan sources, focusing on enzymatic deproteinization, bacteria fermentation, and enzymatic deacetylation methods. Thanks to their biodegradability, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and bioactivity, the applications of these marine polymers are widely used in the contemporary manufacturing of biomedical and pharmaceutical products. In the end, advanced cosmetics based on chitin and chitosans are presented, analyzing different therapeutic aspects regarding skin, hair, nail, and oral care. The innovative formulations described can be considered excellent candidates for the prevention and treatment of several diseases associated with different body anatomical sectors. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6627199 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-66271992019-07-19 Chitin and Chitosans: Characteristics, Eco-Friendly Processes, and Applications in Cosmetic Science Casadidio, Cristina Peregrina, Dolores Vargas Gigliobianco, Maria Rosa Deng, Siyuan Censi, Roberta Di Martino, Piera Mar Drugs Review Huge amounts of chitin and chitosans can be found in the biosphere as important constituents of the exoskeleton of many organisms and as waste by worldwide seafood companies. Presently, politicians, environmentalists, and industrialists encourage the use of these marine polysaccharides as a renewable source developed by alternative eco-friendly processes, especially in the production of regular cosmetics. The aim of this review is to outline the physicochemical and biological properties and the different bioextraction methods of chitin and chitosan sources, focusing on enzymatic deproteinization, bacteria fermentation, and enzymatic deacetylation methods. Thanks to their biodegradability, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and bioactivity, the applications of these marine polymers are widely used in the contemporary manufacturing of biomedical and pharmaceutical products. In the end, advanced cosmetics based on chitin and chitosans are presented, analyzing different therapeutic aspects regarding skin, hair, nail, and oral care. The innovative formulations described can be considered excellent candidates for the prevention and treatment of several diseases associated with different body anatomical sectors. MDPI 2019-06-21 /pmc/articles/PMC6627199/ /pubmed/31234361 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17060369 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Casadidio, Cristina Peregrina, Dolores Vargas Gigliobianco, Maria Rosa Deng, Siyuan Censi, Roberta Di Martino, Piera Chitin and Chitosans: Characteristics, Eco-Friendly Processes, and Applications in Cosmetic Science |
title | Chitin and Chitosans: Characteristics, Eco-Friendly Processes, and Applications in Cosmetic Science |
title_full | Chitin and Chitosans: Characteristics, Eco-Friendly Processes, and Applications in Cosmetic Science |
title_fullStr | Chitin and Chitosans: Characteristics, Eco-Friendly Processes, and Applications in Cosmetic Science |
title_full_unstemmed | Chitin and Chitosans: Characteristics, Eco-Friendly Processes, and Applications in Cosmetic Science |
title_short | Chitin and Chitosans: Characteristics, Eco-Friendly Processes, and Applications in Cosmetic Science |
title_sort | chitin and chitosans: characteristics, eco-friendly processes, and applications in cosmetic science |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6627199/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31234361 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17060369 |
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